Apostrophes for Contractions
The Spark
Concept
A contraction is two words squeezed together with an apostrophe replacing the missing letters. For example: 'do not' → 'don't' (the apostrophe replaces the 'o' in 'not'). 'I am' → 'I'm' (the apostrophe replaces the 'a'). Contractions are used in informal and spoken language.
Activity
Say 'I'm so hungry' aloud. Ask your child: what two words am I using there? Help them hear 'I am'. Then ask: what happened to the letter 'a'? Introduce the term 'contraction' — it contracted (got smaller)!
Check
Can your child write contractions correctly with the apostrophe in the right place? Can they expand a contraction back to its two original words?
Match the Contraction to Its Two Words
Draw a line to match each contraction on the left to its two-word form on the right.
Write the Contraction
Write the contraction for each pair of words. Remember to put the apostrophe in the right place!
do not → ___
I will → ___
they have → ___
could not → ___
we are → ___
it is → ___
he would → ___
Choose the Correct Form
Circle the correct word or contraction to complete each sentence.
___ going to the beach today.
I ___ believe it snowed!
___ a beautiful day outside.
She said ___ be back soon.
Sort: Full Form or Contraction?
Sort each word or phrase into the correct column.
Expand the Contraction
Write the two words that each contraction is made from.
don't → ___ ___
they're → ___ ___
it's → ___ ___
couldn't → ___ ___
we've → ___ ___
she'll → ___ ___
wouldn't → ___ ___
Rewrite Using Contractions
Rewrite each sentence replacing the underlined words with a contraction.
I am not going to eat my vegetables. →
They are playing in the garden. →
She will not be able to come. →
We have been waiting for an hour. →
Match: What Letters Were Removed?
Draw a line to match each contraction to the letters that were removed to make it.
Apostrophe in the Right Place?
Circle the version of the contraction where the apostrophe is in the correct place.
don't
they're
couldn't
we'll
won't
Write Contractions Using -n't
Many contractions use the pattern: verb + n't (where n't = not). Write the contraction for each.
do + not → ___
can + not → ___
will + not → ___ (note: this one is irregular!)
should + not → ___
would + not → ___
could + not → ___
have + not → ___
Sort Contractions by Pattern
Sort these contractions by the pattern used to make them.
Tip: What Is a Contraction?
A contraction is two words SQUEEZED into one. The apostrophe (') replaces the missing letters. 'I am' → 'I'm' (the 'a' is replaced by '). 'Do not' → 'don't' (the 'o' is replaced by '). Contractions are used in speaking and informal writing.
- 1Write 5 contractions and their full forms on a card to keep as a reference
- 2Listen to a TV show or conversation today and count contractions you hear
- 3Find 3 contractions in a book — write the full form for each
- 4Ask a family member to give you a contraction and you write both forms
Which Sentence Uses the Contraction Correctly?
Circle the sentence that correctly uses a contraction.
it's / its
they're / their / there
Write Sentences Using Contractions
Write a sentence using each contraction below. Make sure the sentence makes sense!
won't →
they've →
she'd →
couldn't →
Match: Contraction to the Correct Sentence
Draw a line to match each contraction to the sentence it completes.
Sort: Formal vs Informal — Use Contractions or Full Forms?
In formal writing, use full forms. In informal writing or dialogue, contractions are fine. Sort each writing context.
Rewrite From Informal to Formal
Rewrite each informal sentence as a formal one — expand all contractions to their full forms.
I don't think it's a good idea. → Formal: ___
We're going to the shops, aren't we? → Formal: ___
She can't come because she hasn't finished her work. → Formal: ___
Spark: Contraction Hunt
Go on a contraction hunt — find as many contractions as you can in books, on TV, in conversations and on packaging.
- 1Find 5 contractions in a book you are reading
- 2Listen to a conversation at home and count contractions
- 3Find the oddest or most unusual contraction you can
- 4Write your favourite 5 contractions and their full forms
- 5Try a day of speaking without using any contractions — how does it sound?
Contraction Builder: Pronouns + Verbs
Combine each pronoun with the verb to make a contraction. Write the contraction and the missing letters.
I + am = ___ (letters removed: ___)
you + are = ___ (letters removed: ___)
he + is = ___ (letters removed: ___)
she + would = ___ (letters removed: ___)
we + have = ___ (letters removed: ___)
they + will = ___ (letters removed: ___)
Contraction or Possessive?
It's (it is) vs its (belonging to it). Circle the correct choice for each sentence.
___ tail wagged as the dog heard the door open.
___ going to be a warm and sunny day.
The cat licked ___ paws carefully.
___ been raining all morning.
Dialogue Using Contractions
Write a short dialogue (5–6 lines) between two characters. Use at least 5 contractions. Remember speech marks!
Your dialogue:
Contractions used: ___
Sort: Which n't Contraction?
Sort these negative sentences by the correct n't contraction that would replace the underlined words.
Tricky Contractions
These contractions are sometimes confused or misspelled. Write the full form for each and explain the tricky part.
won't = ___ + ___ Why is it tricky?
shan't = ___ + ___ Why is it tricky?
let's = ___ + ___ Why is it tricky?
o'clock — is this a contraction? What does it stand for?
Match: Contraction to the Correct Expanded Pair
Some contractions look similar but come from different word pairs. Match carefully!
Apostrophe Error Correction
Find and correct the apostrophe mistake in each sentence. Rewrite the corrected sentence.
Im really looking forward to the holidays. → Corrected: ___
The dog chewed it's bone all afternoon. → Corrected: ___
We'ren't allowed to run in the corridor. → Corrected: ___
Cant' you see the light is red? → Corrected: ___
Formal or Informal?
Read each sentence. Circle FORMAL if the contraction should be expanded, or INFORMAL if contractions are fine.
I'd like to thank everyone for coming tonight. (Speech at a party)
We cannot accept this proposal at this time. (Business letter)
Don't forget to bring your lunch! (Note to a friend)
The experiment wouldn't work until we adjusted the temperature. (Science report)
Rewrite: Add Contractions to Make Dialogue Sound Natural
This dialogue sounds very stiff and unnatural because it uses full forms. Rewrite it using appropriate contractions to make it sound more spoken.
Original: 'I am not sure I will be able to come,' said Tom. 'That is a shame,' said Mia. 'We would have loved to see you.' Your rewrite:
Tip: Apostrophe Placement — Always Replace Missing Letters
Here is the golden rule for apostrophes in contractions: the apostrophe ALWAYS goes where the missing letters were. Not at the end, not at the beginning — right where the letters left! Check every contraction you write this week using this rule.
- 1Write 5 contractions and draw an arrow to where the letters were removed
- 2Check a piece of your own writing — are all apostrophes in the right place?
- 3Find one contraction in a book and check the apostrophe position
- 4Practise the trickiest contraction: won't (will not) — write it 5 times
Sort: Contractions with 'have' vs Contractions with 'is'
Some contractions look identical but can mean either 'is' or 'has/have'. Sort these sentences by which meaning is used.
Contractions in Story Dialogue
Read this extract and circle all contractions. Then expand each one in a list below. EXTRACT: 'I can't believe you're here!' she cried. 'I've been so worried! Don't you know it's dangerous to go out at night?' He shrugged. 'I didn't think you'd notice.'
All contractions found: ___
Expanded forms: ___
How do the contractions affect how the dialogue sounds?
Match: Which Two Words?
Draw a line to match each contraction to its correct two-word form. Some have two possible forms!
Write a Story Paragraph With Dialogue
Write a story paragraph of 5–6 sentences that includes at least 3 lines of dialogue. Use contractions in the dialogue to make it sound natural. Underline each contraction.
My paragraph:
Contractions used: ___
Spark: Contraction Comic Strip
Create a comic strip with at least 4 panels. Characters in the comic must use at least 6 contractions in their speech bubbles.
- 1Plan a simple story for your comic: character, problem, solution
- 2Draw 4 panels with characters and speech bubbles
- 3Include at least 6 contractions across the speech bubbles
- 4Colour your comic and give it a title
- 5Read it aloud — does the dialogue sound natural?
Contraction Reference Table
Complete the reference table by filling in all missing contractions or full forms.
I am = ___ I will = ___ I have = ___ I had/would = ___
you are = ___ you will = ___ you have = ___ you would = ___
he is = ___ he will = ___ he has/had = ___ he would = ___
we are = ___ we will = ___ we have = ___ we would = ___
do not = ___ will not = ___ cannot = ___ should not = ___
Sort: Correct or Incorrect Apostrophe Use?
Sort each sentence into the correct column.
its or it's? — Advanced Practice
Apply the substitution test to choose between 'its' and 'it's' in each sentence.
___ wings were spread wide as the eagle soared upward.
___ not easy to learn a new language.
The spider rebuilt ___ web after the storm.
___ been three weeks since the last rainfall.
The bicycle lost ___ front wheel.
Edit a Passage for Apostrophe Errors
This passage has 5 apostrophe errors. Find and fix each one. Rewrite the corrected passage below. PASSAGE: I dont know why were always late. Its not fair on everyone else. Mum cant find her keys, I've forgotten my bag, and dad wont stop checking his phone. Were a total disaster as a family.
Errors I found: ___
Corrected passage:
When Would You NOT Use a Contraction?
Explain in your own words when it is better to use the full form of words rather than a contraction. Give two examples of text types where contractions should be avoided.
I would avoid contractions in formal writing because: ___
Two text types where I would use full forms: ___ and ___
Rewrite formally: 'She can't do it and won't try.' → ___
Match: Contraction to Its Register
Draw a line to match each sentence to its register (how formal or informal it sounds).
Write a Formal and Informal Version
Write the same piece of information in two ways: once formally (no contractions) and once informally (use contractions). Topic: you cannot attend a meeting.
Formal version (e.g. a letter):
Informal version (e.g. a text message):
What other language differences do you notice between the two versions?
Sort: Types of Contractions
Sort these contractions into groups based on what types of words are combined.
Write an Advertisement Using Contractions
Write a short advertisement (4–5 sentences) for a made-up product. Advertisements use contractions frequently to sound friendly. Use at least 4 contractions.
Product name: ___
My advertisement:
Contractions used: ___
Tip: Contractions Across Text Types
Contractions are not wrong — they just belong in informal writing and dialogue, not formal texts. This week, look at three different text types and notice whether they use contractions or full forms. Ask: why?
- 1Check a formal letter — does it use contractions?
- 2Check a story — does the narrator use contractions? Do the characters?
- 3Check a magazine article — does it use contractions?
- 4Write a short reflection: what did you notice about contractions and text type?
Analyse Contractions in a Text
Find a page from a story and a page from a non-fiction text. Count the contractions in each. Calculate the rate (contractions per sentence). What does this tell you about how each text type uses language?
Story title and page number: ___
Contractions found in story: ___ Sentences in story: ___ Rate: ___
Non-fiction title and page: ___
Contractions in non-fiction: ___ Sentences: ___ Rate: ___
What does this data tell us about contractions and text type?
Sort: Ambiguous Contractions
Some contractions can expand to TWO different full forms (e.g. 'he'd' = 'he had' OR 'he would'). Sort each sentence by which expansion makes sense.
Advanced: Identify the Contraction Error
Each sentence has a subtle apostrophe error. Circle the error type.
The team could'nt agree on a plan.
Its raining heavily outside.
I should'nt have said that.
They're going to the concert tonight.
Write a Story That Shows Contraction vs Full Form for Effect
Skilled writers sometimes deliberately switch from contractions to full forms to create an effect — e.g. a character who speaks formally sounds stiff or powerful. Write a short scene (6–8 sentences) where one character uses contractions and another uses full forms. Show how this reveals their personalities.
Character 1 (contractions = informal): ___
Character 2 (full forms = formal): ___
My scene:
What do the different language choices tell us about each character?
History of Contractions
Contractions are not a modern invention — they have existed in English for hundreds of years. Research or think about: why do humans shorten words in speech? How does this affect writing over time?
Why do you think people shorten words when they speak?
Can you think of any other ways English words have shortened or changed over time?
Do you think contractions will become even more common in the future? Why?
Create a Contraction Reference Guide
Design a full reference guide to contractions for a Year 2 student. Include: what they are, how to write them correctly, common ones, and the tricky ones to watch out for.
What is a contraction? (in simple language): ___
How to write them correctly: ___
List of 10 common contractions and their full forms: ___
Tricky ones to watch: ___
Sort: Contractions from Different Eras of English
English literature from different eras uses contractions differently. Sort these contracted forms by whether they are common today or old-fashioned/literary.
Extended Writing: A Dialogue-Heavy Story
Write a story of 10–12 sentences where most of the action happens through dialogue. Use at least 8 contractions across the speech. Make sure each character sounds distinctly different. Underline every contraction.
Story title: ___
My story:
Contractions used: ___
Reflect: What I Know About Apostrophes in Contractions
Write a reflection (4–5 sentences) about what you have learned. Include: what a contraction is, how to place the apostrophe, when to use contractions and when not to, and one thing you still want to practise.
My reflection:
Spark: Teach It Back — Contractions
Teach a family member or younger sibling everything you know about contractions. Give them a quiz at the end to check their understanding!
- 1Prepare a 5-minute lesson about what contractions are and how to write them
- 2Include examples of common contractions
- 3Highlight the tricky ones: won't, it's vs its, they're vs their vs there
- 4Create a quiz of 5 questions and give it to your 'student'
- 5Celebrate completing this worksheet — you are a contractions expert!
Contractions Review: Write the Full Form
Write the full two-word form for each contraction. These are mixed levels — some straightforward, some tricky.
I'd = ___ OR ___
they've = ___
shan't = ___
she'll = ___
we'd = ___ OR ___
you're = ___
hadn't = ___
let's = ___
Sort: Common vs Rare Contractions
Some contractions appear in everyday speech constantly; others are rare or old-fashioned. Sort each one.
Contraction: Correct or Incorrect?
Circle CORRECT if the contraction is written properly, or INCORRECT if there is an error.
she's
were'nt
couldn't
it's
would'nt
they'll
wo'nt
I've
Write a Contraction Story Opener
Write the opening paragraph (4–5 sentences) of a story. Use at least 5 contractions. Make the opening engaging and hook the reader.
My story opening:
Contractions used: ___
Contractions Across Text Types
Draw a line to match each sentence to the text type it most likely comes from.
Write Informal and Formal Versions
Write the same content twice: once informally (using contractions) and once formally (using full forms). Topic: explaining you are unwell and cannot attend.
Informal (text or note to a friend): ___
Formal (letter to a school or organisation): ___
What other differences do you notice besides contractions?
Contractions in Famous Quotes
Find or recall any 3 famous quotes or expressions that use contractions. Write each quote, identify the contractions, and expand them to their full forms.
Quote 1: ___ Contraction: ___ Full form: ___
Quote 2: ___ Contraction: ___ Full form: ___
Quote 3: ___ Contraction: ___ Full form: ___
Contractions Mastery: Edit a Long Passage
Edit this passage — some contractions are missing apostrophes, some are wrong, and some full forms should be contractions in dialogue. Find and fix all errors. PASSAGE: 'I am going to the shops,' she said. 'Do'nt you want to come?' He shook his head. 'I ca'nt — I havent finished yet.' She sighed. 'You wont be long, will you?' 'I do not think so,' he replied, though he wasn't sure.
Errors I found: ___
Corrected passage:
Tip: Contractions Make Dialogue Sound Real
The biggest difference between natural-sounding dialogue and stiff, artificial dialogue is contractions. Real people use contractions constantly in speech. When you write dialogue, use contractions freely — it makes characters sound alive!
- 1Write 4 lines of dialogue between two friends — use contractions throughout
- 2Find dialogue in a book and count the contractions in 10 lines
- 3Read the dialogue aloud — does it sound like real speech?
- 4Rewrite one line of dialogue WITHOUT contractions — how does it sound?
Contractions: Final Self-Assessment
Rate yourself honestly on each contraction skill. Then set one goal.
I can write contractions with the apostrophe in the right place. Confidence: ___/10
I can expand a contraction to its two-word form. Confidence: ___/10
I understand when to use contractions (informal) and when not to (formal). Confidence: ___/10
I can use contractions to make dialogue sound natural. Confidence: ___/10
My goal for further practice: ___
Spark: Contraction Challenge Week
This week, try to use a new contraction you have never written before in your writing each day. By the end of the week you will have practised 5 new contractions!
- 1Day 1: use 'they've' in a sentence
- 2Day 2: use 'she'd' in a sentence
- 3Day 3: use 'shan't' in a sentence
- 4Day 4: use 'let's' in a sentence
- 5Day 5: choose your own — the rarest contraction you know!
Contractions: Write Your Favourite Examples
Write your 8 favourite contractions. For each, write the full form, a sentence using the contraction, and the context it suits best (formal, informal, dialogue, etc.).
1. ___ = ___ Sentence: ___ Context: ___
2. ___ = ___ Sentence: ___ Context: ___
3. ___ = ___ Sentence: ___ Context: ___
4. ___ = ___ Sentence: ___ Context: ___
Contraction: Right or Wrong Apostrophe Position?
Circle whether the apostrophe is in the CORRECT or WRONG position.
do'nt
don't
I'am
I'm
the'yre
they're
you're
yo'ure
Sort: Contractions by the Letter(s) Removed
Sort these contractions into groups based on which letter or letters the apostrophe replaces.
Match: Rare Contractions to Full Forms
Draw a line from each less-common contraction to its full form.
Contraction Error Detective
Correct all the apostrophe errors in this paragraph: 'I ca'nt believe its raining again. She do'snt want to go outside. They're going to get soaked if they're not careful. He said he wo'nt come.'
Corrected paragraph:
Errors I found and fixed: ___
Contraction or Possessive Apostrophe?
Circle whether the apostrophe in each phrase shows a CONTRACTION or POSSESSION.
it's raining
the dog's bone
she's happy
Mia's book
they're late
the cat's tail
Sort: Formal or Informal Writing?
Contractions are informal. Sort these sentences into FORMAL or INFORMAL writing style.
Rewrite: Formal to Informal Using Contractions
Rewrite this formal letter opening using contractions to make it sound like a friendly text message: 'I am writing to let you know that I will not be able to attend the party. I am sorry that I cannot come.'
Informal text message version:
Contractions I used: ___
What changed when I used contractions: ___
Order: How to Write a Contraction Correctly
Put these steps in order for writing a contraction correctly.
Match: Contraction to the Sentence It Fits
Draw a line to match each contraction to the sentence where it fits best.
Write Dialogue Using Contractions
Write a dialogue (conversation) between two characters that uses at least 8 contractions. Use speech marks and a new line for each speaker.
Characters: ___
My dialogue:
Contractions I used: ___
Which Contraction is Correct?
Circle the correct contraction for each pair of words.
should not →
would have →
could not →
they would →
I would →
we will →
Sort: Contractions by How Many Words They Join
Most contractions join 2 words. Sort these into groups.
Tip: Apostrophes Checklist for Writers
When you proofread your writing, check every apostrophe using this checklist. Copy it into your writing journal.
- 1Is this a contraction? Find the two original words.
- 2Is the apostrophe where the letter(s) were removed?
- 3Is this a possessive? Is the apostrophe after the owner's name?
- 4Check 'its' vs 'it's' — 'it's' always means 'it is'.
- 5Read the sentence aloud — does the apostrophe make sense?
Contractions in Poetry
Write a short poem (4–6 lines) that uses at least 4 contractions. The contractions should feel natural, not forced.
My poem:
Contractions I used: ___
Did the contractions improve the poem's rhythm? Why? ___
Match: Double-Check 'it's' vs 'its'
Draw a line to show which form fits each sentence.
Contraction Story: Informal Narration
Write a short (6–8 sentence) narrative using a first-person, informal voice. Use at least 10 contractions. The story can be about anything.
My story title: ___
My story:
Contractions I used (list them): ___
Contractions: Right Context?
Circle whether each contraction is used in an APPROPRIATE context.
Dear Principal, I'm writing to... (formal letter)
We're heading to the park! (text message)
We'd like to thank you... (speech at assembly)
It is my pleasure... (formal report)
Didn't you hear me? (dialogue in a story)
Sort: Contractions into Difficulty Groups
Sort these contractions from EASY (very common, simple) to HARD (rare or complex).
Order: Contraction from Most Formal to Most Informal Text
Order these text types from the one that uses the MOST contractions to the FEWEST.
Contraction Self-Assessment
Assess your own understanding of contractions honestly. Write what you know well, what you find tricky, and what you need to practise.
I understand contractions well because: ___
I still find this tricky: ___
I will practise: ___
My three strongest contraction examples: ___
Contractions in Real Books
Open any novel or picture book. Find 10 contractions and write them down. Then write the full form next to each one.
- 1Open any book you enjoy
- 2Find 10 contractions
- 3Write each contraction and its full form
- 4Note: do more contractions appear in dialogue or narration?
- 5Share your findings — which book had the most contractions?
Contractions: Teach a Friend
Write a clear explanation of apostrophes in contractions that you could read aloud to teach a friend. Include: what a contraction is, how to write one, common examples, and one common mistake to avoid.
What is a contraction:
How to write one correctly:
Three good examples: ___
The most common mistake to avoid: ___
Contractions Final Check: Tick or Cross
Circle CORRECT or INCORRECT for each contraction and apostrophe in these sentences.
She wo'nt be coming tonight.
I'd love to help you with that.
They're going to the beach tomorrow.
Weve been waiting for hours.
He couldn't find his shoes.
She sho'uldn't have said that.
Spark: Contraction Comic Strip
Create a 4-panel comic strip where characters use contractions naturally in dialogue. Each panel must include at least one contraction in a speech bubble.
- 1Plan your 4-panel story
- 2Draw a simple character in each panel
- 3Write dialogue with contractions in speech bubbles
- 4Make sure each apostrophe is in the right place
- 5Share your comic with a family member
Spark: Write a Story with NO Contractions vs ALL Contractions
Write the SAME short scene twice. First with NO contractions at all (formal/stiff). Then with contractions wherever they fit (informal/natural). Compare the effect.
Formal version (no contractions):
Informal version (with contractions):
What I noticed about the difference: ___
Contractions Final Accuracy Round
Circle the correctly written version in each pair.
A) we're B) we're
A) they'v B) they've
A) couldn't B) could'nt
A) won't B) wont'
A) I'ld B) I'd
A) she'll B) she'ull
Sort: Contractions to Their Word Categories
Sort these contractions by which verb they are built from.
Contractions: Write a Scene Using All Types
Write a short scene (5–6 sentences) that uses at least one contraction from EACH category: 'not', 'am/is/are', 'will', and 'have/had/would'. Label each one in brackets.
My scene:
Contractions from each category I used: ___
Match: Contraction to the Correct Full Form
Draw a line from each contraction to its correct full form. Watch out — some are tricky!
Contraction Mastery: Final Self-Check
Test yourself on contractions! Write out the full form for 10 contractions from memory, then check your answers.
- 1Write 10 contractions from memory
- 2Write the full form of each
- 3Check your answers against a reference
- 4Circle any you got wrong
- 5Write the correct form three times for each error
Contractions Mastery Reflection
Write a final reflection on what you have learned about apostrophes in contractions. Include: what you found easy, what was challenging, and one goal for your future writing.
What I found easy about contractions: ___
What was challenging: ___
My goal for using contractions correctly in my writing: ___
Order: Steps to Check a Contraction in Your Writing
Put these proofreading steps in the correct order for checking a contraction.
Spark: Contractions Expert Certificate
Write a paragraph that would deserve a 'Contractions Expert Certificate'. It must use 12 or more contractions correctly, be natural-sounding, and demonstrate real understanding of when contractions belong in writing.
My expert paragraph:
Contractions I used (list all 12+): ___
I am proud of this because: ___
Sort: Contraction Use — Correct Context or Wrong Context?
Sort these into CORRECT CONTEXT (contractions are appropriate) or WRONG CONTEXT (formal — contractions shouldn't be used).
Contractions in Published Books: Correct or Error?
In each made-up sentence 'from a book', circle CORRECT or ERROR for the apostrophe use.
'Don't you dare,' she said softly.
'I ca'nt believe it!' he gasped.
'They're going to be late,' she sighed.
'We've been walking for hours,' he groaned.
'She would'nt listen to anyone.'
Contractions: My Personal Dictionary Page
Create a personal dictionary page for contractions. Choose 8 contractions you use most often. For each, write the full form, the contraction, a sentence showing correct use, and mark it as formal or informal.
Contractions 1–4 (full form, contraction, sentence, formal/informal):
Contractions 5–8:
The contraction I use most in my writing: ___