Language

Modal Verbs and Passive Voice

Match Modal Verb to Its Meaning

Draw a line to match each modal verb to what it expresses.

must

might

should

can

will

Permission or ability

Strong obligation or certainty

Future certainty

Advice or recommendation

Possibility (less certain than 'may')

TipModal verbs are a closed set — there are only about 12 core ones in English. Learning them all is a useful reference task.

Identify the Modal Verb

Underline the modal verb in each sentence. Write what it expresses: Very Certain / Probable / Possible / Advice / Permission.

1. You must wear a helmet when cycling. Modal: ____________ Meaning: ____________________________

2. It might snow overnight. Modal: ____________ Meaning: ____________________________

3. She could have won the race if she had trained harder. Modal: ____________ Meaning: ____________________________

4. You should review your notes before the test. Modal: ____________ Meaning: ____________________________

5. The parcel will arrive on Tuesday. Modal: ____________ Meaning: ____________________________

TipModal verbs are always followed by a base verb with no -ing or -s. If unsure, test: can you replace it with 'will'? If the sentence still makes sense, it is probably a modal.

Circle the Modal Verb

Circle the modal verb in each sentence.

Scientists have discovered that coral reefs could disappear by 2100.

have

discovered

could

disappear

You should always read the instructions before starting.

should

always

read

starting

The team will play in the final next Saturday.

will

play

final

This medicine must be taken with food.

medicine

must

taken

food

TipIf your child finds it hard to identify the modal verb, ask them to find the main action verb first, then look for the helper verb before it.

Sort Modal Verbs by Certainty Level

Sort these modal verbs from least certain to most certain.

might

could

may

should

will

must

Least Certain

Moderately Certain

Most Certain

TipThere is no single definitive order — context matters. What matters is that your child can explain their reasoning.

Active to Passive

Rewrite each active sentence in the passive voice. Decide whether to include 'by + agent' or leave it out.

Active: The students cleaned the classroom. Passive: ________________________________________________

Active: The chef prepared three courses. Passive: ________________________________________________

Active: Someone broke the window. Passive (leave out the agent): ___________________________

Active: Scientists have discovered a new species. Passive: ________________________________________________

TipPassive = 'to be' + past participle (eaten, written, approved). The original subject often becomes a 'by...' phrase or disappears if the doer is unimportant or unknown.

Active or Passive?

Circle whether each sentence is written in active or passive voice.

The ancient ruins were discovered by archaeologists.

Active

Passive

The crowd cheered loudly when the goal was scored.

Active

Passive

Heavy rain flooded several suburbs last night.

Active

Passive

Three suspects have been arrested.

Active

Passive

The committee approved the new policy last week.

Active

Passive

TipThe 'by zombies' test: if you can add 'by zombies' after the verb and it sounds grammatical, the sentence is passive.

Why Passive? Analyse the Choice

Explain in one or two sentences why the writer may have chosen passive voice in each example.

1. 'Mistakes were made.' (common in political statements) Why passive? ________________________________________________

2. 'The ancient temple was constructed approximately 2000 years ago.' (archaeology article) Why passive? ________________________________________________

Write your own passive sentence in which you deliberately want to avoid naming who did something.

TipThere is rarely one right answer — the goal is for your child to think like a writer making intentional choices.

Modal Verb Hunt — The Weather Forecast

Listen to or read a weather forecast and find examples of modal verbs. Weather forecasters are experts at expressing degrees of certainty.

1Listen to or read a weather forecast — TV, radio, or online.
2Write down three modal verbs you hear or read.
3For each one, write what it expresses: certain / probable / possible / advice.
4Discuss: why does the forecaster use 'might' rather than 'will'? What happens if they are wrong?

Sort: Why Was Passive Used?

Sort each passive sentence into the column that best explains WHY the passive was used.

'The window was broken overnight.'

'The solution was heated to 100°C.'

'Errors were made in the original report.'

'The ancient text was written in Latin.'

'The decision was not communicated clearly.'

'Three people were injured in the incident.'

Doer is unknown

Doer is unimportant

To hide or avoid naming responsibility

TipWriters use passive voice for specific reasons, not randomly. Building this habit of asking 'why?' is the key analytical skill.

Modal Verbs in Formal Writing

Formal writing uses specific modal verbs to express obligation, possibility, and advice professionally. Rewrite each sentence using the modal verb that best fits the formal context.

Informal: 'You have to fill in this form.' Formal (use 'must' or 'are required to'): ___________________

Informal: 'You might want to check the instructions.' Formal (use 'should' or 'are advised to'): _________________

Informal: 'You can ask for a refund.' Formal (use 'may' or 'are entitled to'): ___________________

Rewrite Using Modal Verbs

Rewrite each sentence using a modal verb to express the degree of certainty indicated in brackets.

Original: 'She knows the answer.' Express POSSIBILITY: ________________________________________

Express ADVICE: ____________________________________________

Express OBLIGATION: ________________________________________

TipAsk your child to read each version aloud. The difference in meaning becomes clear when spoken — especially the distinction between 'must' (I'm fairly sure) and 'will' (I'm certain).

Match Passive Sentence to Its Active Version

Draw a line to match each passive sentence with its active equivalent.

The letter was signed by the mayor.

Three medals were won by the team.

The new road has been built.

The cake is being decorated.

Someone is decorating the cake.

The mayor signed the letter.

Builders have built the new road.

The team won three medals.

From Science Notes to Report

These are informal notes from a science experiment. Rewrite them as three formal report sentences using passive voice.

Notes: 'We put 50mL of water in a beaker, then we heated it for two minutes, and we recorded the temperature every 30 seconds.' Report sentence 1 (passive): ____________________________________

Report sentence 2 (passive): ____________________________________

Report sentence 3 (passive): ____________________________________

Modal Verb — Sort by Function

Sort these sentences into the correct column based on what the modal verb is expressing.

You must renew your passport before travelling.

She can speak four languages.

It may be too late to change the booking.

You should drink more water each day.

Students must not use phones during exams.

He might arrive before noon.

You may use the library between 8am and 5pm.

Children should eat a variety of vegetables.

Obligation / Necessity

Possibility / Probability

Permission / Ability

Advice / Recommendation

TipSome sentences could fit more than one category depending on interpretation — that is fine. What matters is the reasoning.

Write a Weather Forecast Using Modal Verbs

Write a 5–7 sentence weather forecast for tomorrow using at least four different modal verbs. Each modal should express a different degree of certainty.

Tomorrow's weather forecast:

Draw here

List the four modal verbs you used and what each expressed:

TipListen to a real forecast together first if possible. Note how forecasters hedge their language — 'there could be showers', 'temperatures should reach', 'a cold change will arrive'.

Passive to Active — Political Language

Rewrite each passive sentence in active voice. Then explain what changes when the doer is named explicitly.

Passive: 'Several schools have been closed due to budget pressures.' Active: ________________________________________________

What changes — in terms of accountability and impact — when you name who closed the schools?

Passive: 'It has been decided that the park will no longer be maintained.' Active: ________________________________________________

Why might a government or organisation prefer the passive version?

Active or Passive — Sort the Sentences

Sort these sentences into Active Voice or Passive Voice.

The dog was chased by the children.

Lightning struck the old oak tree.

The project has been completed ahead of schedule.

Maria wrote three chapters before breakfast.

The evidence was presented carefully.

Both teams played brilliantly.

The announcement was made by the principal.

A rare bird was spotted near the reservoir.

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Write a Passive Science Report Paragraph

Write a 5–6 sentence paragraph describing a science experiment in passive voice. You can invent the experiment or use one you have done.

Write your science report paragraph here, using passive voice throughout:

Draw here

TipModel the register shift: informal thinking versus formal report writing. The passive is not just grammatically different — it creates a completely different tone.

Analyse Modal Verbs in a Text

Read the extract below. Identify and analyse the modal verbs used.

Extract from a school policy document: 'All students must behave respectfully at all times. Students should resolve conflicts peacefully and may seek support from any staff member. Bullying will not be tolerated and may result in suspension. Students who witness bullying should report it immediately.' List all four modal verbs in the extract:

What does the variety of modal verbs (must, should, may, will) tell you about the different levels of obligation being expressed?

Draw here

Modal Verb Diary

For one day, notice every time you use or hear a modal verb. Keep a tally of which modal verbs appear most often in everyday conversation.

1Keep a small tally sheet: will / would / can / could / may / might / should / must / shall.
2Mark each time you hear or use each modal verb over one day.
3At the end of the day, analyse: which were most common? Which were least common?
4Discuss what this tells you about everyday levels of certainty, obligation, and politeness.

The Effect of Voice in Storytelling

Read the two versions of the same event. Answer the questions about how voice choice affects the reader's experience.

Version A (Active): 'The knight slew the dragon. He raised his sword above his head and drove it into the creature's chest. The people cheered.' Version B (Passive): 'The dragon was slain. A sword was driven into its chest. Cheering could be heard across the village.' Which version puts the knight at the centre of the story? Explain.

Which version creates more emotional distance? What effect does this have?

When might an author choose passive voice even in an exciting action scene? Think of one reason.

Analyse Grammar in a News Article

Find a short news article (3–5 paragraphs) from a reliable source. Analyse how it uses passive voice and modal verbs.

Article headline and source:

Find two examples of passive voice in the article. Write each sentence and explain why passive was used:

Draw here

Find one example of a modal verb. What does it express?

TipABC News, The Guardian Australia, or The Conversation are ideal sources — quality journalism with deliberate grammatical choices.

Write a Formal Notification Using Modal + Passive

Write a short formal notification (4–6 sentences) informing students that a school excursion has been cancelled. Use passive voice at least twice and two different modal verbs.

Write your formal notification here:

Draw here

Underline the passive constructions and circle the modal verbs in your notification.

TipModel the register shift: ask your child how they would tell a friend the excursion is cancelled (informal), then discuss how that would change in an official letter to parents.

Classify Modal Verbs — Core vs Marginal

Sort the following into Core Modal Verbs (the 'classic' nine) or Marginal / Semi-Modal (emerging or less clear-cut).

can

need to

will

have to

must

ought to

shall

used to

may

be able to

Core Modal Verbs

Semi-Modal / Marginal

TipThis distinction is more advanced — the goal is awareness, not memorisation. Semi-modals like 'need to', 'have to', 'ought to' work similarly to modals but behave slightly differently grammatically.

Analyse Passive Voice in a Historical Text

Read the extract and answer the questions about how passive voice affects its meaning and impact.

Extract: 'In 1788, the land was claimed by the British Crown. Indigenous peoples were displaced from their traditional lands, and their cultures were suppressed for generations. Much was lost that could never be recovered.' List three passive constructions from the extract:

Who are the missing agents (doers) in these passive sentences? Why might the text have omitted them?

Rewrite the first sentence in active voice. How does naming the agent change the impact?

Write a Persuasive Paragraph Using Modal Verbs

Write a persuasive paragraph (5–7 sentences) on a topic of your choice. Use at least three different modal verbs to express obligation, possibility, and ability.

Topic and position: ____________________________________________ Persuasive paragraph:

Draw here

Identify your three modal verbs and what each expresses:

TipHelp your child plan by brainstorming their position and three reasons first. The modal verbs will then emerge naturally from the reasoning.

Comparative Analysis: Active vs Passive in Literature

Find a paragraph from a novel or story that uses mostly active voice. Then find a paragraph that uses passive voice. Compare the effects of each.

Active voice paragraph (title and page/chapter): _______________________ Copy or summarise it here:

Draw here

Passive voice paragraph (title and page/chapter): ____________________ Copy or summarise it here:

Draw here

Compare the effects: what does each voice achieve in its context?

Draw here

TipAction scenes and dialogue are typically active. Scientific or formal descriptions, and scenes where a character feels helpless or acted-upon, tend toward passive.

Grammar Detectives — Passive Voice in Product Labels

Look at five product labels in your home — food packets, cleaning products, medicine bottles, electronics manuals. Count how many passive constructions you find.

1Find five labels and note any passive constructions on each.
2Ask: why does each label use passive voice rather than active?
3Find one label that uses active voice — what makes it different?
4Record your five best examples in your grammar journal.

Rewrite a Scene — Active to Passive for Effect

Take an exciting, fast-paced scene from a book you are reading. Rewrite it using passive voice. Then explain the effect this creates and when a writer might deliberately choose this approach.

Original active scene (summarised or quoted):

Draw here

Rewritten in passive voice:

Draw here

What effect does the passive rewrite create? When might a writer choose this deliberately?

TipThis reverse engineering shows your child exactly why active voice is preferred in action sequences — by experiencing what passive does to the same material.

Extended Analysis: Grammar in a Political Speech

Read a short excerpt from a political speech (you can find one online or use the provided extract). Analyse the use of modal verbs and active/passive voice.

Extract: 'We will build a stronger economy. Jobs will be created. Every family must have access to quality healthcare, and schools should be funded properly. Together, we can achieve a fairer Australia.' List all modal verbs in the extract and what each expresses:

Draw here

Find examples of passive voice. What is the effect of each?

How do the grammar choices help the speaker connect with the audience and build their argument?

Draw here

Create a Grammar Reference Card

Create a one-page grammar reference card summarising what you have learned about modal verbs and passive voice. Include: definition, examples, and when to use each.

MODAL VERBS — Definition, list, and three example sentences:

Draw here

PASSIVE VOICE — Definition, formula (structure), and when to use it:

Draw here

COMBINED CONSTRUCTIONS — Two examples of modal + passive:

TipA reference card is both a consolidation tool and a study aid. Help your child keep it simple and visual — a table or two-column layout works well. Keep it in their writing folder.

Grammar Concepts — Consolidation Sort

Sort each example sentence into the correct category.

The report should be submitted by Friday.

The ancient city was discovered in 1920.

She could have arrived earlier.

The package might be delayed.

The decision was made by the committee.

This medicine must be taken with food.

Modal Verb Only

Passive Voice Only

Modal + Passive Combined

Synthesis Writing: Grammar in Your Own Creative Work

Write a short creative piece (8–10 sentences) — a news report, a science report, or a short story extract — in which you deliberately and intentionally use both active and passive voice AND at least three modal verbs. Annotate three of your grammatical choices.

Your piece (news report / science report / story extract):

Draw here

Annotation 1 — quote the sentence, name the grammatical feature, explain why you chose it:

Annotation 2 — quote the sentence, name the grammatical feature, explain why you chose it:

Annotation 3 — quote the sentence, name the grammatical feature, explain why you chose it:

TipThis is the capstone creative task. Allow your child to choose the form that interests them most. The goal is deliberate, reflective grammatical decision-making.

Final Reflection: Grammar as a Tool

Write a 4–6 sentence reflection on what you have learned about modal verbs and passive voice. Include at least one example from your own writing during this worksheet.

What is the most useful thing you have learned about modal verbs?

What is the most useful thing you have learned about passive voice?

How will you apply both of these skills in your writing going forward?

TipEncourage your child to connect the grammar learning back to their own writing. The question 'how will you use this in your own writing?' is the most important one.

Grammar in the Real World — Final Challenge

Find one real-world text that uses passive voice and modal verbs together for a clear purpose. Bring it to your next study session and present your analysis.

1Find a text that uses passive voice and modal verbs together.
2Note: what is the text's purpose? Who wrote it? Who is the intended audience?
3Identify two passive constructions and explain why passive was used.
4Identify two modal verbs and explain what they express.
5Present your analysis to your parent: what do the grammar choices tell you about the text's purpose and the writer's attitude?

Rewrite a Recipe Using Active Voice

Traditional recipe instructions often use passive constructions ('The vegetables are chopped', 'The sauce is stirred'). Rewrite the instructions in active voice with a clear 'you' subject.

Original: '1. The potatoes are washed and peeled. 2. The onions are diced finely. 3. The butter is melted in a large pan. 4. The vegetables are added and cooked until soft. 5. The soup is blended until smooth.' Active voice rewrite (who is doing each action?):

Draw here

Which version sounds more engaging for a reader? Explain:

Sort: Modal Verbs by Social Function

Sort these modal verb sentences by their social function in communication.

'Could you please pass the salt?'

'You must submit your form by Friday.'

'Shall I carry that for you?'

'We should try the new restaurant this weekend.'

'Would you mind closing the window?'

'Students must not leave the room during the exam.'

'Can I help you with that?'

'You might want to reconsider that decision.'

Making a request (polite)

Expressing authority / giving orders

Offering help

Making a suggestion

TipModal verbs do social work — they manage relationships, politeness levels, and relative authority between speaker and listener.

Compare Voice Choices in Two Genres

Find one page from an action novel and one page from a science textbook. Compare the use of active and passive voice in each.

Action novel — title and page: _______________________________ Proportion of active vs passive sentences (estimate): Effect of the voice choice on the reader's experience:

Draw here

Science textbook — title and page: ___________________________ Proportion of active vs passive sentences (estimate): Effect of the voice choice on the reader's experience:

Draw here

What does this comparison confirm about the relationship between genre and grammatical voice choice?

TipThis comparison concretely demonstrates why voice choice is genre-dependent. The contrast between action prose (almost entirely active) and textbook prose (heavily passive) is striking.

Write a Formal Complaint Using Modal Verbs

Write a formal complaint email (6–8 sentences) about a broken product. Use at least three modal verbs to express obligation, expectation, and polite request. Use passive voice at least once.

Complaint email:

Draw here

Identify the modal verbs you used and what each expresses:

TipModel the register before writing — what tone does a polite but firm formal complaint have? Discuss: how does modal verb choice affect whether the tone sounds demanding or reasonable?

Circle the More Formal Modal

In each pair, circle the modal verb more appropriate for a formal document.

Applicants ___ submit their forms before the deadline.

gotta

must

You ___ contact us if you require further information.

can

may

The committee ___ review all applications within 28 days.

will

is gonna

Participants ___ wear appropriate footwear at all times.

should

oughta

Grammar in a Science Report — Full Paragraph

Write a complete science report paragraph (6–8 sentences) about any experiment you can recall or invent. Use passive voice throughout and include at least two modal verbs to express expected results or scientific caution.

Experiment description: ____________________________________ Science report paragraph:

Draw here

Identify your passive constructions (underline or list them):

Identify your modal verbs and what each expresses:

TipThe combination of passive voice and hedging modal verbs is the hallmark of genuine scientific writing. This task brings together all the key grammar learning from this worksheet.

Sort: Active or Passive — Which Is Better Here?

For each context, sort into whether active or passive voice is the better choice.

Describing a chase scene in an action story

A science report describing an experimental procedure

A news story where the identity of the doer matters to the reader

A formal notice where the action matters more than who performed it

A personal narrative where the narrator is the central figure

A police report avoiding identification of a suspect

Active Voice Is Better

Passive Voice Is Better

TipThis task asks for genuine judgment, not just identification. Encourage your child to articulate WHY each choice is better.

Annotate a Passage for Voice and Modality

Read the passage. Underline all passive constructions in one colour and circle all modal verbs in another. Then write three analytical sentences about the grammatical choices.

Passage: 'Visitors should be aware that the site may be closed in extreme weather conditions. Entry fees must be paid at the kiosk upon arrival. Photography is permitted in all outdoor areas, but flash photography must not be used in the cave systems. If assistance is required, staff can be contacted at the information centre.' List all passive constructions:

List all modal verbs and what each expresses:

Write three analytical sentences about why the grammatical choices in this text are appropriate for its purpose:

Draw here

Grammar Reference Card — Modal Verbs and Voice

Create a compact grammar reference card summarising: the core modal verbs and their meanings, the passive voice formula, and when to use each voice.

Core modal verbs (list at least 8 with their main meaning):

Draw here

Passive voice formula: ___ + ___ Three contexts where passive is the better choice:

Active voice: three contexts where it is preferred:

TipA reference card is a consolidation and revision tool. Help your child keep it simple and practical — it should be something they can glance at while writing to make deliberate grammatical choices.

Write a News Article Using Both Active and Passive Voice

Write a short news article (8–10 sentences) about a fictional local event. Use active voice for the exciting action and passive voice for background information or when the doer is unknown. Use at least two modal verbs.

Fictional event: _______________________________________________ News article:

Draw here

Highlight one active sentence and one passive sentence and explain your choice of voice for each:

TipNews writing is a rich model for balanced voice use. Action sentences are typically active; official statements and background facts are often passive. Discuss how this mirrors real journalism before your child writes.

Grammar Journal — Week Reflection

Write a week's grammar journal — one entry per day (5 entries) noting a modal verb or passive construction you encountered in your reading, viewing, or conversations. For each, note: the example, the context, and why the grammatical choice was made.

Day 1: Example and analysis:

Day 2: Example and analysis:

Day 3: Example and analysis:

Day 4: Example and analysis:

Day 5: Example and analysis:

TipKeeping a grammar journal transforms abstract rules into observed language behaviour. Even three or four days of noticing real examples is more effective than additional formal exercises.

Grammar Detective — A Week of Observation

Over one week, collect five examples of interesting grammar in the wild — modal verbs or passive constructions used for a clear purpose. Bring them back and discuss what each reveals about the writer's choices.

1Look at product packaging, government leaflets, and safety notices.
2Notice modal verbs in TV news broadcasts and weather forecasts.
3Find passive constructions in science or history textbooks.
4Look for passive voice in political statements and press releases.
5Bring your five examples to the next study session to discuss.

Final Extended Writing: Grammar in a Historical Speech

Find a short excerpt from a famous historical speech. Analyse how modal verbs and/or passive voice are used to create authority, emotional resonance, or political effect. Write an analytical paragraph of 6–8 sentences.

Speech, speaker, and occasion: _______________________________ Excerpt (quote or summarise 3–4 sentences):

Draw here

Analytical paragraph (grammar, context, effect):

Draw here

TipGreat sources: Churchill, Mandela, Keating's Redfern Speech, or Queen Elizabeth II. These speeches use grammar with extraordinary deliberateness.

Teach a Grammar Concept

Explain one grammar concept from this worksheet — either modal verbs or passive voice — to a family member. Then write a short reflection: what was hard to explain? What did explaining it reveal about your own understanding?

Concept explained and to whom: _____________________________ Reflection on what was hard to explain and what it revealed about your understanding:

Draw here

TipThe Feynman Technique applies here: if you can explain it simply, you understand it deeply. The places where explanation falters are exactly where further practice is needed.

Synthesise Your Grammar Learning

Write a 5–6 sentence reflection on what you have learned across this entire worksheet. Include: the most useful concept, the most surprising thing you discovered, and one specific way you will apply this grammar knowledge in your writing.

Grammar learning reflection:

Draw here

TipEncourage specific, concrete reflection rather than general statements. 'I will use passive voice when writing science reports because...' is more useful than 'I learned a lot about grammar.'

Match: Modal Verb to Function

Match each modal verb on the left to its primary grammatical function on the right.

could

must

might

should

will

Obligation — non-negotiable requirement

Strong advice or moral expectation

Past ability or present possibility

Low possibility or tentative suggestion

Future certainty or strong prediction

TipUnderstanding modal function is a metalinguistic skill. If your child struggles, encourage them to try each modal in a test sentence.

Analyse: The Language of Apology

Read these two apology statements from a fictional politician. Analyse how modal verbs and passive voice are used in each and discuss which is more genuinely accountable.

Statement A: 'Mistakes were made and people were hurt. We should have acted sooner. This must not happen again.' — What does the passive voice do here? Who is responsible?

Draw here

Statement B: 'I made mistakes. I hurt people. I should have acted sooner. I will ensure this does not happen again.' — How does this differ? Which is more accountable and why?

Draw here

TipPolitical language is a rich site for grammar analysis. This connects linguistics to civics — an interdisciplinary strength of the Australian Curriculum.

Sort: Modal Certainty Spectrum

Sort these sentences from least certain (left) to most certain (right) based on the modal verb used.

It might rain tomorrow.

It could rain tomorrow.

It should rain tomorrow.

It will rain tomorrow.

Least Certain

Somewhat Uncertain

Moderately Certain

Most Certain

TipThis activity reinforces the epistemic scale of modals — a key concept in sophisticated language analysis.

Write: Science Report Excerpt

Write a short science report excerpt (4–5 sentences) describing the results of a simple experiment. Use passive voice at least twice and one modal verb.

My science report excerpt (use passive voice at least twice and one modal verb):

Draw here

TipScience report writing is a key ACARA English outcome. This cross-curricular activity reinforces both grammar and scientific literacy.

Reflection: Grammar and Power

Write 4–5 sentences reflecting on how understanding modal verbs and passive voice has changed the way you read or think about language.

How understanding grammar has changed how I read language:

Draw here

TipMetacognitive reflection is the most powerful consolidation tool. Encourage specific examples rather than general statements.

Home Activity: Grammar in the Media

Find a news article or advertisement at home this week. Highlight every passive verb and every modal verb you can find. Count them. Bring your findings to share.

1Find a news article or advertisement.
2Highlight every passive verb form (was/were + past participle).
3Highlight every modal verb (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would).
4Count: how many passive verbs? How many modal verbs? Which type appears more often?
5Write one sentence about what you notice.

Mastery Check: Explain to a Younger Student

Write a short explanation of modal verbs and passive voice for a Year 4 student who has never heard of them. Use simple language, one example of each, and explain why a writer would choose to use them.

My explanation of modal verbs and passive voice for a Year 4 student:

Draw here

TipThe ability to explain a concept simply is one of the strongest indicators of genuine understanding. This task also develops communication skills and empathy for audience needs.