Algebra

Algorithms & Patterns

1

Follow the Rule: Add 3

Start at the given number and add 3 each time.

2
5
11
14
?
7
13
16
?
?
4
7
13
?
?
2

Follow the Rule: Add 5

Start at the given number and add 5 each time.

1
6
16
21
?
3
13
18
?
?
3

Follow the Rule: Subtract 4

Start at the given number and subtract 4 each time.

40
36
28
24
?
52
44
40
?
?
56
52
44
?
?
4

Follow the Rule: Subtract 3

Subtract 3 each time.

30
27
21
18
?
45
39
36
?
?
5

What Is the Rule?

Look at the pattern and circle the rule.

5, 10, 15, 20, 25

Add 3
Add 5
Add 10

30, 27, 24, 21, 18

Subtract 2
Subtract 3
Subtract 4

4, 8, 12, 16, 20

Add 4
Add 5
Add 6

100, 90, 80, 70, 60

Subtract 5
Subtract 10
Subtract 20
6

More Rules

Circle the rule.

2, 9, 16, 23, 30

Add 5
Add 6
Add 7

50, 44, 38, 32, 26

Subtract 4
Subtract 5
Subtract 6

1, 3, 5, 7, 9

Add 1
Add 2
Add 3
7

Match Patterns to Rules

Match.

3, 6, 9, 12, 15
40, 35, 30, 25, 20
1, 5, 9, 13, 17
100, 91, 82, 73, 64
Subtract 9
Add 3
Subtract 5
Add 4
8

Continue the Shape Pattern

What comes next in each pattern?

?
?
?
9

More Shape Patterns

What comes next?

?
?
10

Write the Algorithm

Write the step-by-step rule for each pattern.

Pattern: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 Algorithm: Start at ___, add ___ each time

Pattern: 50, 45, 40, 35, 30 Algorithm: Start at ___, subtract ___ each time

Pattern: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 Algorithm: Start at ___, add ___ each time

11

Match Algorithms to Patterns

Match.

Start at 3, add 4
Start at 100, subtract 10
Start at 0, add 7
Start at 45, subtract 5
45, 40, 35, 30, 25
0, 7, 14, 21, 28
3, 7, 11, 15, 19
100, 90, 80, 70, 60
12

What Comes Next?

Follow the algorithm. What is the next number?

Start at 6, add 5: 6, 11, 16, 21, ___

25
26
27

Start at 80, subtract 7: 80, 73, 66, 59, ___

51
52
53

Start at 3, add 6: 3, 9, 15, 21, ___

26
27
28

Start at 99, subtract 9: 99, 90, 81, 72, ___

61
62
63
13

Follow My Algorithm

Follow the algorithm and write the first 6 numbers.

Algorithm: Start at 4, add 6 each time. Pattern: 4, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

Algorithm: Start at 75, subtract 8 each time. Pattern: 75, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

14

Two-Step Patterns

Fill in the missing numbers.

2
4
8
10
16
?
1
3
9
11
15
?
15

Create Your Own Algorithm

Write an algorithm and then follow it to create a pattern.

My algorithm: Start at ___, add ___ each time. My pattern: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

My algorithm: Start at ___, subtract ___ each time. My pattern: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

16

Guess My Rule

Look at the pattern. Write the rule and the next 3 numbers.

Pattern: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 Rule: ___ Next 3: ___, ___, ___

Pattern: 64, 56, 48, 40, 32 Rule: ___ Next 3: ___, ___, ___

17

Odd One Out

Which number does NOT follow the pattern?

Pattern: 5, 10, 15, 20, 26, 30

26 does not belong
30 does not belong
They all belong

Pattern: 3, 6, 9, 11, 15, 18

11 does not belong
15 does not belong
They all belong
18

Pattern Investigation

Investigate these patterns.

Start at 1, add 2 each time: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9... Are these numbers odd or even? ___ Will 20 appear in this pattern? Why? ___

Start at 2, add 2 each time: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10... Are these numbers odd or even? ___ Will 15 appear in this pattern? Why? ___

19

Home Activity: Pattern Machines

Build your own pattern machines!

  • 1Write an algorithm: 'Start at 2, add 3 each time.' Follow it for 10 steps.
  • 2Ask a family member to follow your algorithm. Do they get the same pattern?
  • 3Make a mystery pattern. Can someone work out your rule?
  • 4Try a two-step algorithm: 'Start at 1, double it, then add 1.' What happens?
20

Follow the Rule: Add 7

Add 7 each time.

3
10
24
31
?
14
21
28
?
?
5
19
26
?
?
21

Follow the Rule: Add 9

Add 9 each time.

1
10
28
37
?
4
22
31
?
?
18
27
36
?
?
22

Follow the Rule: Subtract 6

Subtract 6 each time.

60
54
42
36
?
90
78
72
?
?
48
42
36
?
?
23

Follow the Rule: Subtract 8

Subtract 8 each time.

80
72
56
48
?
100
84
76
?
?
64
56
48
?
?
24

Multiplication Patterns: ×2

Each term doubles. Fill in the missing numbers.

1
2
4
16
?
3
6
24
48
?
2
8
16
?
?
25

Multiplication Patterns: ×3

Each term is multiplied by 3. Fill in the missing numbers.

1
3
9
81
?
2
18
54
?
26

ABCABC Shape Pattern

Continue the pattern.

?
?
?
27

AABB Shape Pattern

Continue the pattern.

?
?
?
?
28

What Is the Rule? — Set A

Circle the rule for each pattern.

12, 19, 26, 33, 40

Add 6
Add 7
Add 8

95, 86, 77, 68, 59

Subtract 7
Subtract 8
Subtract 9

1, 2, 4, 8, 16

Add 2
Multiply by 2
Add 5
29

What Is the Rule? — Set B

Circle the rule.

100, 93, 86, 79, 72

Subtract 6
Subtract 7
Subtract 8

5, 15, 25, 35, 45

Add 5
Add 10
Multiply by 5

1, 10, 100

Multiply by 10
Add 10
Multiply by 100
30

Write the Algorithm — Set A

Write the algorithm for each pattern.

11, 18, 25, 32, 39 Algorithm: ___

90, 82, 74, 66, 58 Algorithm: ___

3, 6, 12, 24, 48 Algorithm: ___

31

Write the Algorithm — Set B

Write the algorithm and the next 3 numbers.

7, 14, 21, 28, 35 Algorithm: ___ Next 3: ___, ___, ___

100, 95, 90, 85, 80 Algorithm: ___ Next 3: ___, ___, ___

32

Continue the Pattern — Set A

Write the next 5 terms.

Algorithm: Start at 8, add 11. 8, 19, 30, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

Algorithm: Start at 100, subtract 12. 100, 88, 76, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

33

Continue the Pattern — Set B

Write the next 5 terms.

Algorithm: Start at 2, multiply by 2. 2, 4, 8, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

Algorithm: Start at 3, add 4, then subtract 1 alternately. 3, 7, 6, 10, 9, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

34

Pattern Investigation — Odds and Evens

Investigate odd and even patterns.

Start at 1, add 2 each time: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9... Are these odd or even? ___ Will 101 be in this pattern? ___

Start at 0, add 2 each time: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8... Are these odd or even? ___ Will 99 be in this pattern? ___

35

Pattern Investigation — Multiples

Investigate multiple patterns.

Write the multiples of 3 from 3 to 36. Do they increase by the same amount each time? ___

Write the multiples of 4 from 4 to 48. What is the rule? ___

36

Match Algorithms to Outputs — Set A

Match each algorithm to its sequence.

Start at 5, add 6
Start at 60, subtract 4
Start at 1, multiply by 5
Start at 0, add 11
0, 11, 22, 33, 44
5, 11, 17, 23, 29
1, 5, 25, 125
60, 56, 52, 48, 44
37

Match Algorithms to Outputs — Set B

Match.

Start at 9, add 9
Start at 200, subtract 25
Start at 2, multiply by 3
Start at 50, add 15
50, 65, 80, 95, 110
2, 6, 18, 54
200, 175, 150, 125
9, 18, 27, 36, 45
38

Sort: Increasing or Decreasing Pattern?

Sort each pattern.

3, 7, 11, 15, 19
50, 43, 36, 29, 22
4, 8, 16, 32, 64
100, 91, 82, 73
2, 5, 8, 11, 14
80, 72, 64, 56
Increasing (getting bigger)
Decreasing (getting smaller)
39

Create and Share an Algorithm

Create your own algorithm and test it.

My algorithm: Start at ___, (add/subtract/multiply) ___ each time. First 8 terms: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

A challenge question based on my pattern: ___

Answer: ___

40

Spot the Error

Each pattern has one number that doesn't belong. Find it and correct it.

5, 10, 15, 20, 26, 30 Error: ___ should be ___

3, 6, 9, 11, 15, 18 Error: ___ should be ___

100, 90, 80, 71, 60 Error: ___ should be ___

41

Pattern Rules Tally

Tally how many students used each rule in their pattern.

ItemTallyTotal
Add 2 or 3
Add 5 or 10
Subtract
Multiply
42

Pattern Types Graph

This graph shows which types of patterns were made in class.

Number patterns
Shape patterns
Colour patterns
Multiplication patterns
1

Which type of pattern was most popular?

2

How many more number than shape patterns?

3

How many students made patterns in total?

43

Fibonacci-Style Pattern

Each term is the sum of the two before it. Fill in the gaps.

1
1
2
3
8
?
2
2
4
12
20
?
1
3
4
11
18
?
44

What Comes After? — Set A

Circle the next number.

12, 19, 26, 33, ___

38
40
41

64, 56, 48, 40, ___

30
32
34

1, 2, 4, 7, 11, ___

14
16
18

100, 95, 85, 70, ___

50
55
60
45

Describe the Rule in Words

Write the rule for each pattern using words.

8, 16, 24, 32, 40. Rule: ___

81, 72, 63, 54, 45. Rule: ___

1, 4, 9, 16, 25. Rule: ___

46

Tables as Patterns

Recognise multiplication tables as patterns.

Write the 6 times table as a pattern: 6, 12, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

What is the rule? ___

Does 90 appear in this pattern? ___ How do you know? ___

47

Make a Two-Rule Pattern

Create a pattern with two alternating rules.

My pattern uses two rules: add ___ then subtract ___. My pattern: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

Describe your pattern: ___

48

Growing Pattern

Describe how each pattern grows.

?
?
?
49

Pattern and Prediction

Investigate the pattern and predict.

Pattern: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17... What will the 10th term be? ___ How did you work it out? ___

Pattern: 100, 93, 86, 79, 72... What will the 8th term be? ___ Will the pattern reach 0? ___

50

Home Activity: Pattern Everywhere

Find patterns in daily life!

  • 1Look at a calendar. What patterns do you see in the numbers?
  • 2Listen to music. Can you hear a repeating pattern?
  • 3Look at wallpaper, tiles or fabric. Describe the pattern.
  • 4Make a skip counting pattern while bouncing a ball.
51

Pattern Number Bonds

Find the missing number to complete each pattern bond.

30
12
?
40
?
17
50
23
?
60
?
34
70
41
?
80
?
56
52

Add 7 Pattern

Fill in the missing numbers.

1
8
15
29
?
4
11
25
32
?
14
21
28
35
?
53

Add 9 Pattern

Fill in the missing numbers.

2
11
20
38
?
5
14
32
41
?
18
27
36
45
?
54

Subtract 6 Pattern

Fill in the missing numbers counting backwards.

48
42
36
24
?
60
54
42
36
?
30
24
18
12
?
55

Multiply by 2 Pattern

Fill in the missing numbers.

1
2
4
16
?
3
6
12
48
?
4
8
16
32
?
56

Identify the Rule — Set A

What is the rule for each pattern?

5, 10, 15, 20, 25

Add 4
Add 5
Add 6

50, 44, 38, 32, 26

Subtract 6
Subtract 7
Subtract 8

3, 6, 12, 24, 48

Add 3
Multiply by 2
Add 6
57

Identify the Rule — Set B

What is the rule?

100, 91, 82, 73, 64

Subtract 8
Subtract 9
Subtract 10

2, 6, 18, 54, 162

Add 4
Multiply by 3
Add 12

64, 32, 16, 8, 4

Subtract 32
Divide by 2
Subtract 8
58

Continue the Pattern

Circle the next term.

4, 9, 14, 19, 24, ?

28
29
30

100, 90, 80, 70, 60, ?

40
50
55

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ?

24
32
64

60, 53, 46, 39, 32, ?

24
25
26
59

Match Pattern to Rule

Match each pattern to its rule.

3, 7, 11, 15
2, 10, 50, 250
20, 18, 16, 14
1, 4, 16, 64
Multiply by 4
Subtract 2
Multiply by 5
Add 4
60

Match Algorithm to Output

Follow the algorithm and match to the output.

Start at 1, add 3: five terms
Start at 100, subtract 10: five terms
Start at 2, multiply by 2: four terms
Start at 81, divide by 3: four terms
2, 4, 8, 16
81, 27, 9, 3
1, 4, 7, 10, 13
100, 90, 80, 70, 60
61

Sort: Increasing or Decreasing?

Sort each pattern.

5, 10, 15, 20
50, 45, 40, 35
2, 4, 8, 16
100, 80, 60, 40
1, 3, 9, 27
64, 32, 16, 8
Increasing
Decreasing
62

Sort: Repeating or Growing Pattern?

Sort each pattern type.

star, circle, star, circle
1, 3, 5, 7, 9
red, blue, red, blue
2, 4, 8, 16
heart, heart, star, heart, heart, star
100, 90, 80, 70
Repeating pattern
Growing (or shrinking) pattern
63

Object Repeating Pattern — Set A

Continue the pattern.

?
?
?
64

Object Repeating Pattern — Set B

Continue the pattern.

?
?
?
?
65

Write the Next Three Terms

Write the rule and the next three terms.

5, 8, 11, 14, ___ Rule: ___

96, 90, 84, 78, ___ Rule: ___

3, 9, 27, 81, ___ Rule: ___

500, 250, 125, ___ Rule: ___

66

Write the Algorithm

Write an algorithm that produces each pattern.

Pattern: 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 Algorithm: Start at ___, then ___

Pattern: 64, 56, 48, 40, 32 Algorithm: Start at ___, then ___

Pattern: 2, 6, 18, 54 Algorithm: Start at ___, then ___

67

Design Your Own Growing Pattern

Create and describe your own growing pattern.

My rule: ___ My pattern (first 6 terms): ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

What will the 10th term be? ___ How do you know? ___

68

Algorithm Investigation

Follow each algorithm and record the output.

Algorithm A: Start at 1. Add 5 each time. Stop at 10 steps. Output: ___

Algorithm B: Start at 100. Subtract 7 each time. Stop when below 50. Output: ___

69

Tally: Types of Patterns Found

Count how many of each pattern type the class found.

ItemTallyTotal
Number pattern
Shape pattern
Colour pattern
Sound pattern
70

Pattern Quiz Results

How many questions did students get right?

All 5 right
3-4 right
1-2 right
0 right
1

How many students got all 5 right?

2

How many students got at least 3 right?

3

How many students took the quiz?

71

Patterns in the Calendar

Look at a monthly calendar and investigate.

What pattern do you notice in the column of Mondays? ___

What is the difference between any date and the same date in the row below? ___

What patterns can you see diagonally? ___

72

Home Activity: Pattern Detective

Be a pattern detective in your world!

  • 1Count every second fence post on a walk. What number pattern does this make?
  • 2Look at the numbers on houses in your street. Is there a pattern? Why?
  • 3Find a recipe and double all the quantities. What pattern do you notice?
  • 4Listen to a song. Clap out the rhythm pattern.
73

Identify the Rule

Circle the rule that creates each pattern.

5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ...

Add 4
Add 5
Add 6

3, 6, 12, 24, 48 ...

Add 3
Multiply by 2
Add 9

100, 90, 80, 70, 60 ...

Subtract 5
Subtract 10
Subtract 15

2, 5, 8, 11, 14 ...

Add 2
Add 3
Add 4
74

Two-Step Algorithm Patterns

Follow the two-step rule to complete each sequence.

1
3
7
15
?
2
5
11
23
?
4
10
22
46
?
75

Pattern Differences

Find the difference between consecutive terms.

18
11
?
35
22
?
50
37
?
100
64
?
200
155
?
76

Match Algorithm to Its Pattern

Match each algorithm to the pattern it creates.

Start at 1, add 4 each time
Start at 100, subtract 7
Start at 2, double each time
Start at 50, subtract 5
2, 4, 8, 16 ...
50, 45, 40, 35 ...
1, 5, 9, 13 ...
100, 93, 86, 79 ...
77

Create an Algorithm

Write your own algorithm and show the pattern it creates.

My algorithm: Start at ___, then ___ each time. First 6 terms: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

A pattern your algorithm creates that surprises you:

78

Error in the Pattern — Find and Fix

Each pattern has one wrong number. Find it and fix it.

4, 8, 12, 17, 20, 24 Wrong number: ___ Corrected: ___

50, 45, 40, 36, 30, 25 Wrong number: ___ Corrected: ___

2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 64 Wrong number: ___ Corrected: ___

79

Sort: Increasing or Decreasing Pattern?

Sort each pattern into the correct column.

3, 6, 9, 12 ...
100, 90, 80, 70 ...
5, 10, 20, 40 ...
64, 32, 16, 8 ...
7, 14, 21, 28 ...
50, 45, 40, 35 ...
Increasing
Decreasing
80

Pattern Types in a Survey

Record how many students chose each pattern type as their favourite.

ItemTallyTotal
Adding patterns
Subtracting patterns
Doubling patterns
Object patterns
81

Patterns in Nature

Explore patterns found in nature and mathematics.

A sunflower has 34 seeds in one ring and 55 in the next. What pattern might this follow?

Describe a pattern you have noticed in the real world:

82

Home Activity: Pattern Creator

Create and share your own mathematical patterns!

  • 1Make up 3 different algorithms. Show the first 6 terms for each.
  • 2Challenge a family member to guess your rule from just the first 3 terms.
  • 3Find a pattern in nature (e.g., leaves, seeds, tiles). Describe it in numbers.
  • 4Use a calculator: start at any number and keep adding the same amount. What do you notice?
83

Which Algorithm Produces This Pattern?

Circle the algorithm that produces each pattern.

1, 3, 9, 27, 81 ...

Add 2
Multiply by 3
Add 8

100, 95, 90, 85, 80 ...

Subtract 5
Subtract 10
Divide by 2

1, 4, 9, 16, 25 ...

Add 3 each time
Square numbers
Multiply by 4
84

Fibonacci-Like Sequences

In these sequences, each term equals the sum of the two before it.

1
1
2
3
?
2
3
5
8
?
1
2
3
8
?
85

Pattern Differences — Step Up

The differences between terms increase by 1 each time. Find the missing term.

15
10
?
31
21
?
52
36
?
80
58
?
86

Match Pattern Type to Description

Match each pattern to its type.

2, 4, 6, 8, 10
3, 9, 27, 81
1, 4, 9, 16, 25
100, 90, 80, 70
Square numbers
Decreasing by 10
Increasing by 2
Multiplied by 3 each time
87

Patterns in a Hundred Chart

Use a hundred chart to explore patterns.

Colour multiples of 3 in the chart. What diagonal patterns do you see?

Colour multiples of 5. What vertical patterns do you see?

Which numbers are multiples of both 3 and 5? List them:

88

Sort: Multiplicative or Additive Pattern?

Sort each pattern by whether it grows by adding or multiplying.

5, 10, 15, 20 ...
2, 4, 8, 16 ...
3, 6, 9, 12 ...
1, 3, 9, 27 ...
7, 14, 21, 28 ...
5, 25, 125 ...
Additive (adding same amount)
Multiplicative (multiplying each time)
89

Pattern to Prediction

Use a pattern to make a prediction.

Pattern: 5, 10, 15, 20 ... What is the 20th term? ___ How did you work it out?

If the rule is 'add 7', and the 1st term is 3, what is the 10th term? ___

90

Home Activity: Pattern in Numbers

Investigate number patterns at home!

  • 1Write the multiplication table for 9. Look at the digits. What pattern do you notice?
  • 2Add consecutive odd numbers: 1, 1+3, 1+3+5 ... What do you get?
  • 3Look at a clock face. What patterns do you see in the numbers?
  • 4Create a new sequence and challenge a family member to find the rule.