Chance Experiments & Variation

Student A: 12 heads, 8 tails Student B: 9 heads, 11 tails Did they get the same results? Why or why not?

If they each flipped 100 times, would their results be more similar? Why?

Heads: ___ times Tails: ___ times Total flips: 20

Were the results equal? ___ Why do you think that happened? ___

Prediction: I think ___ will come up the most because ___

After 30 spins: Red: ___ Blue: ___ Green: ___

Was my prediction correct? ___ Why did the results vary? ___

My experiment: ___ Possible outcomes: ___ I will repeat it ___ times. I predict: ___

Heads: ___ Tails: ___ Total: 30

Expected heads: ___ Actual heads: ___ Difference: ___

Was the result close to what you expected? ___

Why do you think the results were or weren't exactly equal? ___

Results: 1=___ 2=___ 3=___ 4=___ 5=___ 6=___

Expected count for each: ___

Which number came up most often? ___ Least often? ___

Would this same number always win? ___ Why? ___

My heads result: ___ Partner's heads result: ___

Were they the same? ___ Why or why not? ___

If we combined our results: Heads = ___ Tails = ___ Is it closer to 50/50? ___

Student A: 12 H, 8 T Student B: 9 H, 11 T Student C: 11 H, 9 T Are any results the same? ___

Combined results: H = ___ T = ___ Total = ___

Are combined results closer to 50/50 than individual? ___ Why? ___

Experiment: Roll a dice 12 times. Prediction: Each number should appear ___ times.

Results: 1=___ 2=___ 3=___ 4=___ 5=___ 6=___

Reflection: Was my prediction correct? ___ What was surprising? ___

Experiment: Draw from a bag of 3 red and 7 blue marbles, 20 times. Prediction: I expect red about ___ times and blue about ___ times.

Actual results: Red = ___ Blue = ___

Were results close to prediction? ___ Why might results vary? ___

Game name: ___

Equipment needed: ___

How Player A wins: ___ How Player B wins: ___

Why is it fair? ___

Unfair game: Player A wins on 1 or 2, Player B wins on 3, 4, 5 or 6. Who has an advantage? ___ Why? ___

How would you make this game fair? ___

For a coin: predicted chance of heads = ___ Why? ___

After 20 flips, my actual result was ___. Is this the same as predicted? ___

If I flipped 1000 times, would my results be closer to 50/50? ___ Why? ___

Experiment: ___

Prediction: ___

Results: ___

Conclusion: ___

What I would do differently next time: ___

What does 'variation in results' mean? ___

Why do more trials give better results? ___

What is the most interesting thing you learnt about chance? ___

With 10 flips, I might get 8 heads. That is ___% heads.

With 50 flips, I would expect about ___ heads.

Which is more likely to be close to 50/50? Why? ___

Results: 1=___, 2=___, 3=___, 4=___, 5=___, 6=___

Expected each: ___ Difference between expected and actual: ___

Which number came up most? ___ Will it always? ___

Flip a coin 10 times: H=___, T=___

Flip again 10 more times: H=___, T=___

Combined 20 flips: H=___, T=___ Is this closer to 50/50? ___

What does this tell you about variation? ___

What is the most important thing to do when setting up a fair experiment? ___

Why do we record results as we go rather than from memory? ___

What would you investigate next time? ___

Total rolls: ___ Expected count per number: ___

Which number appeared most? ___ Least? ___

Was this a fair dice? How can you tell?

My experiment: ___

Prediction — I expect ___ to happen ___ out of ___ times

After the experiment, actual result: ___

Was my prediction accurate? What did I learn?

Ana's result: ___ heads out of 10. Expected: 5. Difference: ___

Ben's result: ___ heads out of 100. Expected: 50. Difference: ___

Whose result was closer to the expected probability? Why?

What does 'variation' mean in probability? ___

Give one example of variation you have seen in an experiment:

Why do two people doing the same experiment get different results?

Jana's proportion heads: ___ out of 10 = ___/10

Sam's proportion heads: ___ out of 100 = ___/100

Whose result was closer to the expected probability of 1/2? Why?

Definition of variation in probability: ___

Why do two fair coin-flipping experiments give different results?

How would you explain probability variation to a younger student?

My experiment: ___

What I need to do to make it fair: ___

How many trials I will do and why: ___

Predicted outcome: ___

Question: ___

Prediction: I expect ___ will happen about ___ times out of ___

Results after ___ trials: ___

Was my prediction correct? What I learned about variation: ___

My experiment: ___

What I predict will happen: ___

How I will record my results: ___

How will I know if my experiment is fair? ___