Statistics

Statistical Investigations

1

What Is a Survey?

Circle the correct answer.

A survey is used to...

Collect information from people
Draw pictures
Read a book

Which question is best for a survey?

What is your name?
What is your favourite fruit?
Why is the sky blue?

How do you record survey answers?

In a tally chart
On the floor
In a story
2

Good Survey Questions

Circle the best survey question.

Which is a good survey question?

What is your favourite colour?
Do you like things?
Why?

Which is a good survey question?

How do you get to school?
What is 2 + 2?
Tell me everything.
3

Read the Tally Chart

Count the tallies and write the total.

ItemTallyTotal
Apples
Bananas
Grapes
Watermelon
4

Another Tally Chart

Count the tallies.

ItemTallyTotal
Red
Blue
Green
Yellow
5

Favourite Sport Picture Graph

Use the picture graph to answer the questions.

Soccer
Swimming
Cricket
Tennis
1

Which sport is the most popular?

2

How many more students chose soccer than tennis?

3

How many students were surveyed altogether?

6

Questions About Data

Answer these questions.

If 8 students like soccer and 3 like tennis, how many more like soccer?

3
4
5

The most popular category is called the...

Mode
Total
Average

Data in groups (like colours) is called...

Numerical data
Categorical data
Random data
7

Plan Your Own Survey

Plan a survey.

My survey question: ___

The categories (choices) are: ___

I will ask ___ people.

I predict the most popular will be: ___

8

Draw a Bar Graph

Use this data to draw a bar graph: Cats = 6, Dogs = 9, Fish = 4, Birds = 3.

Draw your bar graph here. Don't forget to label the axes and give it a title!

Draw here
9

Interpret Your Graph

Answer questions about the bar graph you drew.

Which pet is the most popular? ___

Which pet is the least popular? ___

How many more dogs than fish? ___

How many pets altogether? ___

10

Home Activity: Family Survey

Conduct a survey at home!

  • 1Ask your family: What is your favourite dinner? Record the answers in a tally chart.
  • 2Survey your neighbours about their favourite colour. Make a bar graph.
  • 3Count how many of each type of vehicle pass your house in 10 minutes. Display the data.
  • 4Ask 10 people their favourite season. Which season is the most popular?
11

Data and Statistics — Set A

Circle the correct answer.

What is data?

Information collected
A type of graph
A way to add

What is a tally mark?

A way to keep count
A type of shape
A number

Every 5th tally mark is drawn...

Vertically
Diagonally across 4 marks
In a circle

The total in a tally chart is found by...

Adding up all the marks
Looking at the first number
Multiplying
12

Data and Statistics — Set B

Circle the correct answer.

What does the 'mode' of a data set mean?

The most common value
The middle value
The largest value

In a graph, the title tells us...

What the graph is about
How many items there are
The colours used

In a bar graph, each bar's height shows...

The value for that category
The name of the category
The total of all categories
13

Favourite Breakfast Tally

Count the tallies.

ItemTallyTotal
Cereal
Toast
Eggs
Fruit
14

Favourite Subject Tally

Count the tallies and answer.

ItemTallyTotal
Maths
English
Art
Sport
Science
15

Types of Transport Tally

Count the tallies.

ItemTallyTotal
Car
Bus
Walk
Bike
16

Favourite Season Picture Graph

Answer questions about the graph.

Summer
Autumn
Winter
Spring
1

Which season is most popular?

2

How many more prefer summer than autumn?

3

What is the total number of students surveyed?

17

Favourite Animal Picture Graph

Use the graph to answer.

Dog
Cat
Fish
Bird
Other
1

Which animal is most popular?

2

Which two animals have the same number?

3

How many students were in the survey?

18

Interpret the Tally Chart — Set A

Use a tally chart result: Cats = 6, Dogs = 9, Fish = 4, Birds = 2.

Which pet is most popular? ___

Which pet is least popular? ___

How many more dogs than cats? ___

Total number of pets chosen: ___

19

Interpret the Tally Chart — Set B

Use this data: Mon = 5, Tue = 8, Wed = 3, Thu = 9, Fri = 7.

Which day had the most books borrowed? ___

Total books borrowed all week: ___

Which two days had the same total? ___

How many more books on Thursday than Wednesday? ___

20

Conduct a Survey — Set A

Conduct a survey of 10 students.

Survey question: What is your favourite sport? Choices: Football, Swimming, Tennis, Other

Results (tally): Football: ___ Swimming: ___ Tennis: ___ Other: ___

Most popular sport: ___

21

Conduct a Survey — Set B

Design and conduct your own survey.

My question: ___ My choices: ___, ___, ___, ___

Tally results: ___: ___ ___: ___ ___: ___ ___: ___

Most popular: ___ Least popular: ___

22

Draw a Bar Graph — Set A

Use this data to draw a bar graph.

Favourite colours: Red = 7, Blue = 10, Green = 4, Yellow = 5, Purple = 8. Draw your bar graph. Label axes, give title.

Draw here
23

Draw a Bar Graph — Set B

Draw a bar graph from your own survey results.

Use the results from your earlier survey. Draw a bar graph with a title, labelled axes and accurate bars.

Draw here
24

Answer Questions from Your Graph

Answer questions about your bar graph.

What is the mode (most common category)? ___

What is the difference between the highest and lowest? ___

Write one conclusion from your graph: ___

25

Survey Design Challenge

Design a survey to investigate a question about your class.

My statistical question: ___

I predict: ___

The categories I will use: ___

How I will display the results: ___

26

Sort: Categorical or Numerical Data?

Sort each type of data.

Favourite sport
Number of pets
Eye colour
Books read in a week
Transport to school
Height in cm
Categorical (named groups)
Numerical (numbers)
27

Sort: Good or Weak Survey Question?

Sort these survey questions.

What is your favourite fruit?
Do you like things?
How do you travel to school?
Why?
What is your favourite season?
What are your thoughts?
Good survey question
Weak survey question
28

Data Totals

A survey had 30 students. Fill in the missing count.

30
12
?
30
?
8
30
15
?
30
?
22
30
7
?
30
?
19
29

Statistical Investigation Report

Write a mini report on a statistical investigation.

Question investigated: ___

Method (how I collected data): ___

Results: ___

Conclusion: ___

30

What Type of Graph?

Decide the best graph type for each data set.

Favourite ice cream flavours of 20 students: use a ___

How many books read each day for a week: use a ___

Eye colour of each student in class: use a ___

31

Read a Dot Plot

A dot plot shows how many students got each score: 5=· 6=··· 7=····· 8=···· 9=· 10=·

Most common score: ___

How many students got 7 or above? ___

Total students: ___

32

Read the Data Display — Set A

A bar graph shows: Dogs = 8, Cats = 6, Fish = 3, Birds = 4. Answer questions.

Which pet is most popular?

Dogs
Cats
Fish

How many more students have dogs than fish?

3
4
5

Total students surveyed:

19
21
23
33

Survey and Display in Steps

Complete a full statistical investigation.

Step 1 — Question: ___

Step 2 — Collect data (tally chart):

Draw here

Step 3 — Display (bar graph or picture graph):

Draw here

Step 4 — Conclusion: ___

34

Data Ethics

Think about collecting and using data fairly.

Why should we keep survey responses private? ___

What could go wrong if we only survey 2 people? ___

How can we make sure our survey is fair? ___

35

Draw Conclusions

What conclusions can you draw from this data: Summer = 12, Autumn = 5, Winter = 7, Spring = 9.

Most popular season: ___

Least popular season: ___

More students like Summer than all others combined? ___

A possible reason for the most popular result: ___

36

Total from Tally Data

Add the categories to find the total.

25
12
?
40
?
17
33
15
?
50
?
28
45
22
?
60
?
35
37

Data Values Sequence

Fill in the missing data value.

3
6
9
15
?
10
20
40
50
?
5
15
20
25
?
38

Reading a Pictograph — Set A

Use: Cats=🐱×4, Dogs=🐕×7, Fish=🐟×3, Birds=🦜×5. Answer:

Total animals counted:

17
19
21

Most popular pet:

Cats
Dogs
Fish

How many more dogs than cats?

2
3
4
39

Reading a Bar Graph — Set A

A graph shows: Red = 8, Blue = 12, Green = 5, Yellow = 9. Answer:

Most popular colour:

Red
Blue
Green

Least popular colour:

Green
Yellow
Red

How many chose red or yellow combined?

15
17
19
40

What Does the Graph Tell Us?

A graph shows students' favourite sports: Swimming=15, Football=22, Tennis=8, Basketball=18. Answer:

Most popular sport:

Swimming
Football
Basketball

Least popular sport:

Swimming
Tennis
Basketball

Total students surveyed:

53
63
73
41

Match Statistical Terms to Meanings

Match.

Data
Survey
Tally
Bar graph
A way to count using marks
Information collected
A visual display using bars
A set of questions asked to collect data
42

Match Graph Type to Best Use

Match.

Pictograph
Bar graph
Tally chart
Dot plot
Comparing quantities with symbols
Comparing exact numbers
Collecting data while counting
Showing individual data points
43

Sort: Categorical or Numerical Data?

Sort each type of data.

Favourite colour
Number of siblings
Type of pet
Hours of sleep
Sport preference
Test score out of 10
Categorical data
Numerical data
44

Sort: Which Graph Type to Use?

Sort each scenario.

Quickly counting votes in class
Comparing scores across 5 teams
Showing pet data to young students
Recording survey results in real time
Displaying exact numbers for a report
Creating a fun classroom display
Use a tally chart
Use a bar graph
Use a picture graph
45

Record: Favourite Season

Conduct a survey of 10 people. Record results.

ItemTallyTotal
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Spring
46

Record: Favourite Colour

Ask classmates. Record their favourite colour.

ItemTallyTotal
Red
Blue
Green
Yellow
Other
47

Favourite School Subject

This graph shows Year 3's favourite subjects.

Maths
English
Art
PE
Science
1

Which subject is most popular?

2

How many more students prefer PE than Art?

3

How many students were surveyed?

48

Books Read This Month

This graph shows how many books students read.

Ana
Ben
Cam
Dee
Eve
1

Who read the most books?

2

How many books did Ana and Ben read combined?

3

How many books did the class read in total?

49

Plan and Conduct a Survey

Plan a survey about your classmates.

My survey question: ___

My categories (choose 4): ___, ___, ___, ___

My prediction for most popular: ___

After surveying: most popular was ___ and least popular was ___

50

Write Questions About the Data

Use data (Red=10, Blue=15, Green=7, Yellow=8) to write 4 questions and answers.

Q1: ___ A1: ___

Q2: ___ A2: ___

Q3: ___ A3: ___

Q4: ___ A4: ___

51

Compare Two Graphs

Compare data from two classes. Class A: Dogs=10, Cats=8. Class B: Dogs=6, Cats=12.

Which class has more dog lovers? ___

Which class has more cat lovers? ___

What is the total number of students in both classes? ___

What might explain the differences? ___

52

Data Investigation Report

Complete a full statistical investigation.

Investigation question: ___

Data collected (at least 5 responses): ___, ___, ___, ___, ___

I displayed the data using: ___

My conclusion: ___

53

Home Activity: Family Survey

Survey your family and display the results!

  • 1Ask your family 5 questions (e.g. favourite food, movie, sport). Record tallies.
  • 2Display results in a pictograph or bar graph.
  • 3Write 3 conclusions from your data.
  • 4Share your findings with the class.
54

Reading a Pictograph

Use the pictograph to answer each question. Each star = 2 students.

Apples: ⭐⭐⭐ Bananas: ⭐⭐ Oranges: ⭐⭐⭐⭐. How many like apples?

4
6
8

Which fruit was least popular?

Apples
Bananas
Oranges

How many students were surveyed in total?

16
18
20
55

Match Data Display to Use

Match each display type to when it is best used.

Tally chart
Pictograph
Bar graph
Table
Comparing amounts with pictures
Organizing raw counts quickly
Comparing with a scale
Storing exact numbers
56

Class Data Report

Plan and report a class investigation.

Our survey question: ___

Results: Category 1: ___ Category 2: ___ Category 3: ___ Category 4: ___

Which display type did we use and why?

One conclusion from the data:

57

Spot the Misleading Graph

Look at this description of two graphs showing the same data.

Graph A starts the y-axis at 0. Graph B starts at 5. How does this change how the data looks?

Which graph is more honest? Why?

58

Sort: Fact or Opinion from Data?

Sort each statement into Fact (from data) or Opinion.

12 students chose red
Red is clearly the best colour
More students chose fruit than vegetables
Everyone should eat more fruit
The mode was 'dog'
Dogs are better than cats
Fact (from data)
Opinion
59

Favourite School Subject

This graph shows Year 3 students' favourite subject.

Maths
English
Science
Art
1

What was the most popular subject?

2

How many more chose maths than science?

3

How many students were surveyed?

60

Home Activity: Local Data Collection

Collect data about your local area!

  • 1Count the types of trees in your street. Display in a tally chart.
  • 2Survey 10 people: how many hours of TV do they watch per day? Display the data.
  • 3Track the types of vehicles passing your house for 15 minutes. Make a graph.
  • 4Write 3 questions your data answers and share with your family.
61

Which Question Can a Survey Answer?

Circle Yes or No — can this question be answered by surveying students?

What is the most popular sport at our school?

Yes
No

How fast can a cheetah run?

Yes
No

How many siblings do students have?

Yes
No

What is the population of Australia?

Yes
No
62

Survey Total Verification

Check each survey total is correct.

30
12
?
25
?
9
40
17
?
50
?
22
63

Write a Survey Report

Use this data to write a short investigation report. Data: Maths=8, English=6, Science=7, Art=9.

Investigation question: ___

Total students surveyed: ___ Most popular subject: ___

Write 2 conclusions from the data:

One limitation of this survey:

64

Sort: Discrete or Categorical Data?

Sort each type of data into the correct column.

Favourite colour
Number of siblings
Type of pet
Books read this month
Favourite sport
Test score out of 10
Categorical (types)
Discrete numerical (counts)
65

Year 3 Student Survey Results

Record these survey responses about favourite after-school activities.

ItemTallyTotal
Sport
Reading
Video games
Drawing
Music
66

Improve the Survey

Critique and improve this survey question.

Original question: 'Do you like sport?' (Yes/No). What is wrong with this question?

Write an improved version with better response options:

67

Books Read Each Month

This graph shows books read by a student over 5 months.

January
February
March
April
May
1

Which month had the most books read?

2

What was the total over 5 months?

3

Was there an upward or downward trend in reading?

68

Home Activity: School Survey Project

Conduct a mini survey project!

  • 1Choose a question that interests you. Survey 10 family members or neighbours.
  • 2Record results in a tally chart and create a graph.
  • 3Write a short report: question, data, graph, conclusion.
  • 4Present your findings to your family.
69

What Does the Data Tell Us?

Use this data: Cats=7, Dogs=12, Fish=4, Birds=3. Circle the correct answer.

What was the most popular pet?

Cats
Dogs
Fish

How many more chose dogs than cats?

4
5
6

How many students were surveyed in total?

24
26
28
70

Add Two Data Groups

Find the combined total for each pair.

19
7
?
15
?
4
21
12
?
10
?
3
71

Match: Data Question to Answer Type

Match each statistical question to the type of answer it gives.

How many students prefer summer?
Which season is most popular?
Are there more summer or winter fans?
How many more like summer than winter?
A number comparison
A single number
Yes/No comparison
A category name
72

Justify Your Graph Choice

Decide which graph type to use and explain why.

Data: Types of birds seen in the garden (sparrow=5, magpie=3, currawong=4, cockatoo=2). Which graph type suits this?

Why did you choose that graph type?

Would a tally chart also work? Why or why not?

73

Sort: Strong or Weak Conclusion?

Sort each conclusion based on whether the data strongly supports it.

8/10 prefer summer — most students like summer
1 student likes fish — nobody likes fish
Dogs beat cats 12 to 7 — dogs are more popular
3 like winter — nobody ever likes cold weather
All 4 seasons got at least 3 votes — all seasons have some fans
Summer got the most — everyone loves summer
Strong conclusion (well supported)
Weak conclusion (not well supported)
74

Favourite Australian Animal

Record these student choices for favourite Australian animal.

ItemTallyTotal
Kangaroo
Koala
Platypus
Wombat
75

Types of Weather in April

This graph shows the weather recorded each day in April.

Sunny
Cloudy
Rainy
Windy
1

How many days were sunny or cloudy?

2

Were there more rainy or windy days?

3

How many days are in April?

76

Class Comparison Investigation

Compare two classes' favourite fruit data.

Class A: Apple=8, Banana=6, Mango=4, Orange=5. Class B: Apple=5, Banana=9, Mango=7, Orange=3.

Which class likes mangoes more? ___ By how many? ___

In both classes combined, which fruit is most popular? ___

Write one conclusion that applies to both classes:

77

Home Activity: Community Survey

Survey your local community!

  • 1Ask 5 neighbours one question (e.g. favourite season).
  • 2Compare their answers with your class data.
  • 3Did the community and class agree? Write about similarities and differences.
  • 4Display both data sets on one graph and write a comparison.
78

Statistical Investigation Steps

Circle the correct step in the statistical investigation process.

What comes FIRST in an investigation?

Collect data
Pose a question
Display data

After collecting data, you should...

Pose another question
Organise and display it
Write a title

The FINAL step is to...

Draw a tally chart
Write conclusions
Choose a question
79

Match Step to Example

Match each investigation step to an example.

Pose a question
Collect data
Display data
Write conclusion
Make a bar graph
Most students prefer summer
Ask classmates their favourite season
What is our class's favourite season?
80

Plan an Investigation

Plan a complete statistical investigation.

My question: ___

How I will collect data: ___

Display type I will use: ___ Why: ___

What I predict I will find: ___

81

Sort: Part of the Investigation or Not?

Sort each action into part of a statistical investigation or not.

Pose a question
Eat lunch
Collect data
Watch TV
Display results
Write conclusions
Part of investigation
Not part of investigation
82

Lunch Choices This Week

Record these lunch choices from a Year 3 survey.

ItemTallyTotal
Sandwiches
Hot lunch
Leftover dinner
Sushi
83

Evaluate an Investigation

Critique this investigation: 'I asked my 3 friends their favourite colour. Blue won with 2 votes.'

What is wrong with this investigation?

How would you improve it?

Rewrite the conclusion more accurately:

84

Home Activity: Real-World Statistics

Find real statistics in your world!

  • 1Find 3 graphs in a newspaper or magazine. Write one conclusion from each.
  • 2Look at a sports ladder. Write 3 statements using data from it.
  • 3Find statistics from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website (with a parent).
  • 4Discuss: how can statistics be used to mislead people?