Probability

Listing Possible Outcomes

1

Outcomes of Rolling a Die

A standard die has 6 faces. Count the dots.

?
?
?
?
?
?
2

Possible or Impossible? (A)

Circle POSSIBLE or IMPOSSIBLE.

Rolling a 7 on a standard die

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Flipping heads on a coin

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Drawing red from a bag with only blue and green

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Rolling an even number on a standard die

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE
3

Possible or Impossible? (B)

Circle POSSIBLE or IMPOSSIBLE.

A baby being born on a Tuesday

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Rolling 0 on a standard die

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Picking a red marble from a bag of red marbles

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Flipping a coin and getting neither heads nor tails

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE
4

List All Outcomes (A)

Write all possible outcomes.

Flipping a coin: ___

Rolling a standard die: ___

Choosing from red, blue, green and yellow marbles: ___

Spinning a spinner with sections 1, 2, 3, 4: ___

5

List All Outcomes (B)

Write all possible outcomes.

Days of the week: ___

Months that start with J: ___

Even numbers on a die: ___

Outcomes when picking a card that is red or black: ___

6

Sort: How Many Outcomes?

Sort each experiment by the number of possible outcomes.

Flipping a coin
Rolling a die
Yes or No question
Picking a day of the week
Heads or tails
Choosing from 5 colours
2 outcomes
More than 2 outcomes
7

Match Experiments to Outcome Counts

Draw a line from each experiment to how many outcomes it has.

Coin flip
Standard die
Spinner with 8 sections
Picking a suit from a deck
4
2
6
8
8

Outcome Counting

Total outcomes = outcomes of event 1 × outcomes of event 2.

12
2
?
24
4
?
36
6
?
8
2
?
9

Counting Outcomes

Circle the correct number of outcomes.

Flipping a coin has ___ outcomes.

1
2
3

Rolling a die has ___ outcomes.

4
5
6

Picking a card suit has ___ outcomes.

2
4
13

A spinner with 5 equal sections has ___ outcomes.

4
5
10
10

How Many Outcomes? (A)

Count the total number of possible outcomes.

Flipping two coins (list all combinations): ___. Total: ___

Rolling a die and flipping a coin — how many combined outcomes? ___

11

How Many Outcomes? (B)

Count the outcomes.

Two spinners, each with 3 sections. Total outcomes: ___

Rolling two dice. Total outcomes: ___

Flipping 3 coins. Total outcomes: ___. List them all:

12

Systematic Listing (A)

List ALL possible outcomes systematically.

Choose one top (red or blue) and one bottom (shorts or pants). List all outfits:

Draw here

A lunch menu: sandwich (ham or cheese) and drink (juice, milk or water). List all meals:

Draw here
13

Systematic Listing (B)

List all outcomes systematically.

A pizza with 3 base choices (thin, thick, stuffed) and 2 toppings (cheese, pepperoni). List all pizzas:

Draw here

A gift bag colour (red, blue, green) with a ribbon (gold, silver). List all combinations:

Draw here
14

Tree Diagrams (A)

Use a tree diagram to list outcomes.

Flip a coin twice. Draw a tree diagram showing all outcomes (HH, HT, TH, TT).

Draw here

How many outcomes total? ___ How many have at least one head? ___

15

Tree Diagrams (B)

Draw a tree diagram.

You choose a main (burger or wrap) and a side (chips, salad or fruit). Draw the tree diagram.

Draw here

How many meal combinations? ___

16

Combined Outcomes

Circle the correct total outcomes.

2 coins flipped: ___ outcomes

2
3
4

A die and a coin: ___ outcomes

6
8
12

3 coins flipped: ___ outcomes

6
8
12

2 dice rolled: ___ outcomes

12
24
36
17

Systematic Listing Challenge

List outcomes for these complex experiments.

A 3-digit code using digits 1, 2, 3 (digits can repeat). How many codes? List the first 10:

Draw here

Choosing 2 items from {A, B, C, D} where order does not matter. List all combinations:

Draw here
18

Outcome Word Problems (A)

Solve these problems.

An ice cream shop has 4 flavours and 3 toppings. How many different single-scoop sundaes?

A password is 2 letters from {A, B, C}. How many passwords if letters can repeat? ___. If they cannot repeat? ___

19

Outcome Word Problems (B)

Solve these.

You have 5 T-shirts and 3 pairs of shorts. How many different outfits?

A car comes in 4 colours and 2 types (sedan, SUV). How many options?

A class has 3 boys and 4 girls. How many ways to pick one boy and one girl?

20

Create Your Own Listing Problem

Write your own problem about listing outcomes.

Write a problem about combinations (e.g., meals, outfits, codes). Then list all outcomes.

Draw here
21

Possible or Impossible? (C)

Circle POSSIBLE or IMPOSSIBLE.

Drawing a green marble from a bag with only green marbles

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Rolling a negative number on a standard die

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Getting a number less than 7 on a standard die

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Picking a weekend day randomly and getting Monday

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE
22

Possible or Impossible? (D)

Circle POSSIBLE or IMPOSSIBLE.

Flipping a coin and getting heads three times in a row

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Rolling two dice and getting a total of 13

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Picking an even number from {2, 4, 6, 8}

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Drawing a striped marble from a bag of solid-colour marbles

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE
23

List All Outcomes (C)

Write all possible outcomes.

Spinning a spinner with sections: A, B, C, D, E: ___

Picking a vowel from the English alphabet: ___

Rolling a number less than 4 on a die: ___

Choosing heads or tails on 1 coin, then even or odd on a die: ___

24

List All Outcomes (D)

Write all possible outcomes.

Picking a month that starts with J: ___

Rolling a prime number on a die: ___

Choosing a day that is on the weekend: ___

Picking a single digit even number: ___

25

Sort: How Many Outcomes? (B)

Sort each experiment.

Coin flip (2)
Standard die (6)
Traffic light colour (3)
Day of the week (7)
Heads or tails (2)
Card suit (4)
Month of the year (12)
Odd or even on a die (2)
Fewer than 5 outcomes
5 or more outcomes
26

Match Experiments to Outcome Counts (B)

Draw a line.

Spinner with 5 sections
Two coins flipped
Rock, paper, scissors
Standard die + coin
3
4
5
12
27

Outcome Counting (B)

Total outcomes = event 1 outcomes × event 2 outcomes.

18
3
?
20
4
?
30
5
?
16
4
?
48
8
?
10
2
?
28

How Many Outcomes? (C)

Count the total outcomes.

3 shirts × 4 pants = ___ outfits

A coin and a spinner with 5 sections: ___ outcomes

Two dice: ___ × ___ = ___ outcomes

4 coins flipped: ___ outcomes. (Hint: 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)

29

Systematic Listing (C)

List ALL outcomes systematically.

You choose a drink (hot chocolate, tea) and a biscuit (plain, chocolate, oat). List all snack combinations:

Draw here

A car can be red, blue or white, and manual or automatic. List all combinations:

Draw here
30

Systematic Listing (D)

List outcomes systematically.

A 2-digit number using only digits 1, 2 and 3 (repeats allowed). List all: ___

How many numbers did you list? ___ Does this match 3 × 3? ___

31

Tree Diagrams (C)

Use a tree diagram.

A coin is flipped and then a spinner with sections (1, 2, 3) is spun. Draw the tree diagram.

Draw here

How many outcomes? ___ List 3 of them: ___

32

Combined Outcomes (B)

Circle the correct total.

A spinner (3 sections) and a die: ___ outcomes

9
18
36

A coin and a spinner (4 sections): ___ outcomes

4
6
8

Three coins: ___ outcomes

3
6
8

Two spinners, each with 4 sections: ___ outcomes

8
12
16
33

Use a Table to List Outcomes

Use a grid/table to list all outcomes.

Coin (H, T) × Die (1-6): draw a table and fill in all 12 outcomes.

Draw here

How many outcomes have heads AND an even number? ___

34

Match Experiments to Methods

Draw a line from each experiment to the best method for listing.

Two events with few outcomes each
Three events
Simple yes/no events
Just list them
Table/grid
Tree diagram
35

Systematic Listing Challenge (B)

List outcomes for complex experiments.

A padlock has 3 digits, each 0-9. How many possible codes? ___. Why can't you list them all?

Choosing 2 items from {A, B, C, D, E} where order matters. How many arrangements? List them:

Draw here
36

Outcome Word Problems (C)

Solve these.

A pizza has 3 sizes, 2 crusts and 5 toppings. How many single-topping pizzas? ___

You have 4 hats and 3 scarves. How many hat-scarf combinations? ___

A number plate has 3 letters then 3 digits. How many plates are possible? (26 letters, 10 digits)

37

Outcome Word Problems (D)

Solve these.

A restaurant offers 3 entrees, 5 mains and 4 desserts. How many different 3-course meals? ___

A class has 10 boys and 12 girls. How many ways to pick one boy and one girl for a project? ___

You flip a coin 5 times. How many possible sequences of H and T? ___

38

Counting Principle

Circle the correct answer.

The counting principle says we ___ the number of options for each choice.

add
multiply
subtract

3 choices then 4 choices = ___ total outcomes

7
12
34

5 × 5 × 5 = ___ outcomes for a 3-digit code using 5 symbols

15
25
125

2 × 3 × 4 = ___ outcomes for 3 sequential choices

9
24
234
39

Create and Solve Listing Problems

Write and solve your own problems.

Write a problem about outfit combinations. Solve it.

Draw here

Write a problem about menu choices. Solve it.

Draw here
40

Match Experiments to Outcome Counts (C)

Draw a line.

Roll two dice (totals 2-12)
Draw a card (ace to king in one suit)
Flip a coin 3 times
Spin a 10-section spinner
8
10
11
13
41

Outcome Counting (C)

Total outcomes = event 1 × event 2 × event 3.

24
2
?
27
3
?
32
2
?
125
5
?
64
4
?
100
10
?
42

Possible or Impossible? (E)

Circle POSSIBLE or IMPOSSIBLE.

Drawing the number 7 from a set of cards numbered 1-6

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Rolling an odd number on a standard die

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Spinning blue on a spinner that is all red

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Getting a total of 12 when rolling two dice

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE
43

Sort: How Many Outcomes? (C)

Sort each experiment by outcome count.

Coin flip (2)
Die roll (6)
Traffic light (3)
Day of week (7)
Month of year (12)
Card suit (4)
Playing card value 1-13 (13)
Two coins (4)
Fewer than 5 outcomes
5 to 10 outcomes
More than 10 outcomes
44

How Many Outcomes? (D)

Use the counting principle.

A password is one letter (A-Z) and one digit (0-9). Total passwords: ___

Choose breakfast (3 options) and lunch (5 options): total meal plans: ___

6 shirts × 5 trousers × 4 ties: total outfits: ___

Roll a die and spin a spinner with 8 sections: total outcomes: ___

45

Systematic Listing (E)

List all outcomes systematically.

Toss two coins. List all outcomes. Hint: start with HH.

Toss a coin and roll a die showing only 1, 2, 3. List all outcomes:

How many outcomes in each? Coins: ___ Coin+die: ___

46

Tree Diagrams (D)

Draw tree diagrams.

Choose a colour (red, blue) then a number (1, 2, 3). Draw the tree diagram showing all 6 outcomes.

Draw here

What is the total number of outcomes? ___ List 3 of them: ___

47

Outcomes in a Game

A game tracks outcomes each round.

Win
Draw
Lose
1

How many possible outcomes are there?

2

How many rounds were played?

3

What fraction of rounds were wins?

4

Was any outcome more common than expected?

48

Favourite Choice from 4 Options

Students chose from 4 options. Count results.

ItemTallyTotal
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
49

Outcome Tables

Complete the outcome tables.

Fill in a table showing all outcomes for rolling two dice (1-3 only). Rows: die 1. Columns: die 2. Total outcomes: ___

Draw here

How many outcomes give a total of 4? ___. How many give a total of 6? ___

50

Counting Principle (B)

Circle the correct total.

5 shirts × 3 pants = ___ outfits

8
15
53

2 choices then 3 choices then 4 choices = ___

9
24
234

A 4-digit PIN using digits 0-9 has ___ possible combinations.

40
400
10000

If there are 3 colours and 4 sizes, how many ways to pick one of each?

7
12
34
51

Outcome Word Problems (E)

Solve these.

A test has 5 true/false questions. How many different answer sequences are possible?

A sandwich can have 2 bread types, 4 fillings and 3 sauces. How many sandwiches?

A class has 12 students. How many ways to pick a leader and deputy (order matters)?

52

Permutations Introduction

How many ways to arrange items in order?

Arrange 3 books (A, B, C) on a shelf. List all arrangements: ___. Total: ___

Arrange just 2 of the 3 books. How many ways? ___

53

Match Listing Method to Situation

Draw a line.

Two events with 2 options each
Three events
One event with many options
Two events shown together
Tree diagram
Just list them
Table/grid
Nested tree diagram
54

Outcome Counting (D)

Total = choice 1 × choice 2 × choice 3. Find the missing factor.

60
3
?
120
4
?
36
6
?
24
2
?
100
10
?
72
3
?
55

Possible or Impossible? (F)

Circle POSSIBLE or IMPOSSIBLE.

Getting a total of 1 when rolling two standard dice

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Flipping exactly 3 heads in 3 coin tosses

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Picking both red and blue at the same time from a bag

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE

Getting a total of 12 when rolling two dice

POSSIBLE
IMPOSSIBLE
56

Sort: Small or Large Sample Space?

Sort each experiment.

Coin flip (2)
Die roll (6)
Three coins (8)
Two dice totals (11)
Letter from alphabet (26)
Card from deck (52)
Small sample space (< 10)
Large sample space (10+)
57

List Outcomes Using a Grid (B)

Use a table to list all outcomes.

Flip a coin and spin a 3-colour spinner. Make a table showing all outcomes:

Draw here

Total outcomes: ___. How many include Heads? ___. How many include Red? ___

58

Systematic Listing (F)

List all combinations.

Ice cream: vanilla (V) or chocolate (C), with sprinkles (S), nuts (N) or sauce (A). List all 6 combos:

Which listing method did you use? ___

59

Counting Without Listing

Use the counting principle — don't list all outcomes.

A phone screen lock has 4 digits, each from 0-9. How many different codes? ___

If the same digit cannot be repeated, how many codes? (10 × 9 × 8 × 7) ___

Why would listing all codes be impractical? ___

60

Event Possibility Discussion

Discuss event possibility.

Can rolling a die and flipping a coin both result in ONLY even numbers? ___

If you roll two dice, is it possible to get the same total in two different ways? Explain.

How many ways can you roll a total of 7 with two dice? List them:

61

Ice Cream Combination Choices

Students chose their favourite combination.

V + Sprinkles
V + Sauce
C + Sprinkles
C + Sauce
1

Most popular combination?

2

How many combinations were possible?

3

Were all combinations equally popular?

4

Total students surveyed?

62

Dice Roll Combinations

Results of rolling two dice and recording each outcome pair.

ItemTallyTotal
Both same
Sum < 7
Sum = 7
Sum > 7
63

Apply the Counting Principle

Use multiplication to count outcomes.

A bike can be red, blue or green. It can have 5-speed or 10-speed gears. How many combinations? ___

A restaurant has 4 entrees, 8 mains and 5 desserts. How many 3-course meal options? ___

You can choose 1 of 3 activities each morning and 1 of 4 each afternoon for 5 days. How many different weekly plans? ___

64

Sample Space for Card Games

Explore a standard 52-card deck.

How many outcomes when picking 1 card? ___

List all possible suits: ___

If you pick one card, how many outcomes are hearts? ___ Face cards? ___ Red cards? ___

How many outcomes when picking 2 cards in order (without replacement)? ___

65

Match Listing Method to Situation

Draw a line.

List all outcomes one by one
Use a two-way table
Use a tree diagram
Use the counting principle
Use a Venn diagram
Rolling 2 dice (6×6 grid)
Two events with many branches
Simple events with few outcomes
When the exact number matters without listing
Overlapping groups of outcomes
66

Counting Principle (B)

Event A has a outcomes. Event B has b outcomes. Total = a × b. Find the missing value.

24
6
?
36
9
?
20
5
?
42
7
?
48
8
?
30
6
?
67

Correct Outcome Count (B)

Circle the correct number of outcomes.

2 coins tossed

2
4
8

1 die rolled + 1 coin tossed

6
7
12

3 coins tossed

4
6
8

Choose 1 of 4 drinks AND 1 of 3 snacks

7
12
24
68

Sort Outcomes: Possible or Impossible?

Sort each event.

Rolling 1 OR 6 on a die
Rolling 7 on a standard die
Getting heads AND tails on 1 coin flip
Getting both red and black in 1 draw from a bag of 4 red and 4 black marbles
The sum of two dice being greater than 12
Possible
Impossible
69

Tree Diagram for Three Events

Draw a tree diagram.

You choose a sport (soccer or tennis), then a snack (apple or banana), then a drink (water or juice). Draw the tree diagram:

Draw here

How many outcomes? ___

List all outcomes that include tennis:

70

Two-Way Table Outcomes

Complete the two-way table.

A die (1–6) is rolled. A coin is flipped (H/T). Create the two-way table (6 rows × 2 columns):

Draw here

Total outcomes: ___. How many show an even number AND heads? ___

71

Exponential Outcome Sequences

These show how outcomes multiply. Continue.

2
4
8
16
?
?
3
9
27
81
?
?
72

Compare Outcome Spaces

Tick which has more outcomes.

Tossing 2 coins (4 outcomes) vs rolling 1 die (6 outcomes)

vs

1 die + 1 coin (12 outcomes) vs tossing 3 coins (8 outcomes)

vs
73

Outcomes in Games (B)

Analyse game outcomes.

A card game uses a deck of 10 cards (1–10). Player wins if they draw 3 or higher. How many winning outcomes? ___. How many losing? ___

A game has two spinners: one with 3 sections, one with 4 sections. Total game outcomes: ___

Which is a fairer game: a 50% chance or a 1-in-3 chance? Explain:

74

Complementary Outcomes

Use complementary counting.

A bag has 10 balls: 3 red, 4 blue, 3 green. How many outcomes are NOT red? ___

A die is rolled. How many outcomes are NOT a 6? ___. Not a prime number? ___

Why is it sometimes easier to count 'not' outcomes?

75

Real-Life Sample Spaces

Explore sample spaces in real life.

A restaurant menu has 3 starters, 5 mains, 4 desserts. How many 3-course combinations? ___

A student can choose 4 electives from 8 options. Is this a sample space problem? Why?

Where else in real life do people need to count possible outcomes?

76

Venn Diagram for Compound Events

Use a Venn diagram to show outcomes.

A die is rolled. Event A: odd number. Event B: greater than 3. List all outcomes: ___

Draw a Venn diagram showing A only, B only, and A AND B (both):

Draw here

How many outcomes are in A OR B (either or both)? ___

77

Systematic Listing: Full Method

Use a systematic method to list all outcomes.

You toss 3 coins. Use systematic listing (start with all Heads): ___, ___, ___...

How many outcomes total? ___ How many have exactly 2 heads? ___

Compare with the counting principle: 2 × 2 × 2 = ___

78

Event Probability from Sample Space

Use the sample space to calculate probability.

Two dice are rolled. Total outcomes: ___. P(sum = 7) = ___

P(both dice show the same number) = ___

P(at least one 6) = ___ (Hint: count outcomes with at least one 6)

79

Pascal's Triangle and Outcomes

Pascal's Triangle shows combinations.

Row 1: 1. Row 2: 1 1. Row 3: 1 2 1. Row 4: 1 3 3 1. Row 5: ___

The numbers in row 4 (1 3 3 1) show outcomes for 3 coin tosses: 0 heads, 1 head, 2 heads, 3 heads. How many ways to get 2 heads? ___

Using row 5, how many ways to get exactly 2 heads in 4 coin tosses? ___

80

Probability Listing Method to Situation (B)

Match each method to its best situation.

Tree diagram
List
Two-way table
Counting principle
Venn diagram
overlapping events
multiplication to count outcomes
two factors combined
simple small sample space
multi-step events
81

Counting Outcomes (B)

Use the counting principle.

12
3
?
24
4
?
36
6
?
30
5
?
82

Total Number of Outcomes (C)

Circle the correct number of outcomes.

4 shirts and 3 pants combinations:

7
12

2 coins tossed together:

4
6

1 die rolled and 1 coin tossed:

12
8

3 choices of main and 2 of dessert:

5
6
83

Sort: How Many Outcomes? (Least to Most)

Sort each experiment by number of outcomes.

Toss 1 coin (2)
Roll 1 die (6)
Toss 2 coins (4)
Roll 2 dice (36)
Draw 1 card from 10 (10)
Fewest outcomes
Most outcomes
84

Tree Diagram: 3-Step Event

Draw a tree diagram for 3 choices.

A meal: starter (soup/salad), main (pasta/chicken), dessert (ice cream/cake). Draw the tree diagram:

Draw here

How many meal combinations? ___. How many include both soup and cake? ___

85

Organised List for Complex Outcomes

Use an organised list to count outcomes.

You choose 2 letters from {A, B, C, D} without repeating. List all ordered pairs: ___

Total ordered pairs: ___. If order doesn't matter, total: ___

86

Counting Outcomes Sequences

Continue the sequence of total outcomes.

2
4
6
8
?
?
2
4
8
16
?
?
6
12
18
24
?
?
87

Compare Outcome Counts (B)

Which has more outcomes?

1 die (6 outcomes) vs tossing 3 coins (8 outcomes)

vs

Two 6-sided dice (36) vs two 4-sided dice (16) — which has more?

vs
88

Types of Outcomes Students Listed

Tally how many students listed each type correctly.

ItemTallyTotal
Simple (1 event)
Two events combined
Three events combined
Compound with replacement
89

Spinner Outcomes

A spinner has sections: 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3. Each icon = 10 spins.

Number 1
Number 2
Number 3
1

Total spins recorded?

2

Which number appeared most?

3

Expected probability of 1: ___. Experimental: ___

4

Expected probability of 3: ___. Experimental: ___

90

Two-Way Tables as Sample Spaces

A two-way table shows all outcomes for two events.

Spinner 1: Red or Blue. Spinner 2: 1, 2, or 3. Draw the two-way table showing all 6 outcomes:

Draw here

P(Red AND 2) = ___. P(Blue AND odd number) = ___

91

Counting Principle in Planning

Use multiplication to count options.

A school uniform: 3 colours × 2 styles × 2 sizes = ___ combinations

A password with 2 letters (A-E) then 2 digits (0-9): ___ possible passwords

If you add a third digit to the password, how many new combinations? ___

92

Listing Method: Which is Most Efficient?

Choose the most efficient method.

For 2 coin tosses (4 outcomes), the best method is:

tree diagram
counting principle only

For 3 dice (216 outcomes), the best method is:

counting principle
list all outcomes

For checking P(specific outcome), you need:

a list or diagram
just the total

For 5 binary choices, outcomes = 2^5 =

32
10
93

Sample Space: Card Drawing

A deck has 4 suits (Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs, Spades) and cards 1–5.

Total cards: ___. List all Heart cards: ___

P(drawing a red 3) = ___. P(drawing any 4) = ___. P(drawing a Club or Spade 1) = ___

P(drawing a face card) if face cards are J, Q, K = ___. (There are none in this mini-deck)

94

Home Activity: Chance Experiments

Try these at home!

  • 1Flip a coin 20 times. Record outcomes. How many heads and tails?
  • 2Put 5 different coloured socks in a bag. List the outcomes before picking one.
  • 3Make a spinner with 4 sections. Predict outcomes, then spin 20 times.
  • 4Choose 3 toppings for a sandwich from 5 options. How many combinations?